Term
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Definition
Homeodomain proteins
Zinc containing DBD
Leucine zipper Motif
Helix-loop-helix protein |
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Term
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Definition
Activating domain not well defined
Acidic, glutamic acid and Proline rich |
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Term
| Initiation of transcription |
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Definition
Initiation of transcription in the critical step
Regulated by activators and repressors
o Nucleosome also regulates the access to genes
Euk only |
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Term
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Definition
CHIP (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation)
Used to investigate the interaction between proteins and DNA in the cell.
Determine whether specific proteins are associated with specific genomic regions
Transcription Factor known
DNA binding sequence not known |
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Term
| Transcriptional Repression |
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Definition
Competition
Inhibition
Direct repression
Indirect repression |
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Term
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Definition
dsRNA can inhibit expression of a specific gene
siRNA are produced from dsRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| can inhibit expression of a specific gene |
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Term
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Definition
are produced from dsRNA
Can switch gene off through
Deconstruction of mRNA
Inhibition of translation
RNA-direct modification of Nucleosome |
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Term
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Definition
mRNA localization
Translocation through cytoskeleton
Cell-Cell contact
Promotes activity/localization of Transcription Factors
Secretion of signaling Molecule
Promotes activity/localization of Transcription Factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes a mechanism by which the emission of a signal from one part of an embryo can determine the location, differentiation and fate of many surrounding cells |
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Term
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Definition
Hormones
Peptide hormones
A chain of amino acids (proteins)
Insulin and growth hormone (surface of cell)
Lipid Hormones
Derived from fat
Testosterone and cortisol (into cell)
Can cross plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Increased number in vertebrates mostly due to duplicated genes
Helps increase diversity by…
Making similar proteins with slightly different functions
New Regulatory Sequences with different expression pattern |
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Term
| Protein Complex Recruitment |
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Definition
Activators bring the transcriptional machinery to the gene/promoter
In Euk
Does not contact RNApol directly
Has mediators
Nucleosome Modifiers also recruited |
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Term
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Definition
| Certain maternal RNA present in the egg become localized either before or after fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell A must physically interact with cell B to stimulate the receptor present on the surface of cell B this is because the ligand produced by call A is tethered to the plasma membrane |
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Term
| Secretion of signaling Molecule |
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Definition
Long range cell signaling
A signaling molecule diffuses from cell A through the extra cellular matrix |
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Term
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Definition
Each circle in the grid contains a short DNA segment from the coding region of a single gene
Compare two cell types for gene expression
Isolate mRNA
o Reverse transcriptase w/ radiolabeled NTP’s
Hybridize with micro array |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA binding sites of an activator and a repressor overlap so only one can bind |
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Term
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Definition
| A repressor binds to a site on DNA near an activator and interacts with the activator occluding its activation region |
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Term
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Definition
| Repressor binds to an upstream region of a gene and by interacting with the transcriptional machinery at the promoter in some specific way inhibits transcriptional initiation |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows repression by recruiting histone modifiers that alter Nucleosome modifiers that alter nucleosomes in ways that inhibit transcription |
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Term
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Definition
Block activation of the promoter by activators bound at the enhancer
o When placed between an enhancer and a promoter it inhibits activation of the gene by the enhancer |
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