Term
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Definition
-Mitochondria use oxygen to make ATP
-Take away waste products (CO2) |
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Term
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Definition
-Lungs: Invaginations; Don't work in water due its viscosity; raccoon;
-Gills: Evaginations; due to water's viscosity; dry out on land |
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Term
| Terrestrial vs. Aquatic Respiration |
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Definition
-Aquatic: 0.9% Oxygen in water at 5 C; 0.5% Oxygen in water at 35 C; Fish use 20% of metabolism for respiration
-Terrestrial: 21% Oxygen in air at any temperature; Land animals use 1% of metabolism for respiration |
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Term
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Definition
-Mouth that pump water to gills; Fish use buccal pumping and countercurrent exchange to get Oxygen
-Amphibians do buccal pumping
-Reptiles add septa to increase surface area
-Amphibians and Reptiles don't have a diaphragm like mammals do |
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Term
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Definition
-Oxygen rich blood leaves and oxygen poor comes in
-water flow over lamellae; blood flow through capillaries in lamellae |
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Term
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Definition
-They are a homologous trait; horseshoe crabs and arachnids are kin
-Book Gills: have high surface area; Horseshoe Crabs
-Book Lungs: Arachnids; in larger species it's supplemented by a tracheal system |
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Term
| Arthropoid Tracheal System |
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Definition
-Arthropoids: Jointed Legs
-Insects, millipedes, onycophorans, and big arachnids
-Lined with Taenidia
-No capillaries
-Ventilated by air sacs in larger, active species
-Takes oxygen to mitochondria by many little tubes; Ventilated by constricting trachea |
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Term
| Terrestrial Snails and Slugs |
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Definition
-Lost Ctenidia from mantle cavity
-Vascularized mantle cavity is a lung
-Freshwater species have this also |
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Term
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Definition
-Paired sacs allow accessory respiration in low oxygen habitats
-Denizen of warm shallow inland seas
-Ancestral Oxteichthyes: Sarcopterygians(fleshy-finned) and Actinopterygians(Ray-finned with swim bladders)
-Lungfish of Gondwanaland still occupy seasonal water sources(Sarcopterygians) |
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Term
| Air Capillary Lung of Birds |
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Definition
-Reptile Specialization
-anterior and posterior air sacs, trachea, three chambers lungs |
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Term
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Definition
-When Diaphragm contracts, air is drawn into the lungs
-Exhalation: moves up; relaxes
-Inhalation: moves down; contracts |
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Term
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Definition
-Venilation in response to brain stem
-Circulatory system signals it about oxygen and carbon dioxide levels by nerve impulses |
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Term
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Definition
-End in 300 million alveoli(final branchings of the respiratory tree and act as the primary gas exchange units of the lung)
-Mammals draw into bronchi and down branching branchioles
-microvilli:extension of the cell surface of absorptive and secretory epithelial cells, such as kidney and intestinal cells |
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Term
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Definition
-Measured as partial pressure
-Blood has various gases(O2, CO2, N2,etc.) and each has a certain amount or pressure
-Respiratory pigments carry O2 |
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Term
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Definition
-Proteins with a metal core, which give them color
-Hemoglobin in blood(Hb)
-Myoglobin in muscle
-Neuroglobin in brain (chlorocruorin Fe and Hemocyanin Cu))
-RBCs reduce viscoity |
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Term
| Hemoglobin and Oxygen Affinity |
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Definition
-High Oxygen Affinity: High O2 concentration; high pH level; Low Temperature(LUNGS)
-Low Oxygen Affinity: Low O2 concentration; Low pH; High Temperature(WORKING MUSCLE) |
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Term
| Oxygen Dissociation Curve and the Bohr Shift |
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Definition
| -Interaction between low pH and low O2
-The Bohr Shift inflates the Osteichthyan Swim Bladder
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
-NO relaxes smooth muscle of arteries
-Increases blood flow due to relaxation
-Hb releases NO in areas of low O2 to increase blood flow to areas that need O2
-Viagra affecs this process |
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