Term
In Phylum Chordata:
SubPhylum? SuperClass? |
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Definition
UroChordata, CephaloChordata, Vertebrata
Agnatha, Gnathostomata |
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Term
In SuperClass Agnath:
Class ? |
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Definition
| CephaloSpidomorphi, Myxini |
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Term
In SuperClass Gnathostomata
Class? |
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Definition
| Placodermi, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia |
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Term
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Definition
Tunic, Oral & Atrial siphons.
Only larval stage has all 4 Characters at once. |
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Term
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Definition
Dorsal Nerve Chord, notochord, pharyngeal slits.
Mouth with Oral Hood and tentacles and have Dorsal-anal tail. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack moveable jaws, and paired fins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack mouth and moveable jaws. |
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Term
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Definition
Lack moveable jaws and paired fins,
have cone shaped teeth. |
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Term
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Definition
First vertebrate’s now extinct,
moveable jaws, heavy armor of dermal bones.
Evolved paired fins. |
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Term
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Definition
Cartilaginous skeleton.
Sharks |
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Term
| Actinopterygii/OsteiChthyes |
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Definition
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Term
Amphibia
No dermal scales, smooth integument.
Ancestors gave rise to the monophyletic taxon Amniota (reptiles, birds, and mammals)
Amniotic egg consists of 4 parts: |
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Definition
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Amniotic egg consists of 4 parts:
a. Amnion – encloses fluid-filled cavity within which the embryo floats.
b. Allantois – membranous sac; serves as both a respiratory surface and storage area for nitrogenous waste
c. Chorion – membrane that encloses the amnion and allantois
d. Yolk sac – provides nourishment to embryo |
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Term
Caudata
Gymnophiona
Anura
Belong to Class?
SuperClass?
SubPhylum?
Phylum? |
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Definition
Class: Amphibia
SuperClass: Gnathostomata
SubPhylum: Vertebrata
Phylum: Chordata |
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Term
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Definition
Epidermal scales and digits with epidermal claws
6. Most have 3-chambered heart;
crocodilians have 4-chambered heart
7. Uric acid is main nitrogenous waste
8. Most living forms are ectothermic – acquire heat from environment
9. Fertilization is internal
10. Most are oviparous with covered calcareous or leathery shells
11. Some give birth to live young
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Term
Crocodilia
Testudines
Squamata |
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Definition
Testudines Shell composed of 2 layers.
Squamata Kinetic skull
Sauria External tympanum
Serpentes Legless, no tympanum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hair covering, derivative of epidermal integument. |
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Term
| How reptiles differ from amphibians |
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Definition
1. Tough, dry, scaly skin
a. Protects against desiccation
b. Many have skin with cells that change color (chromatophores)
2. Amniotic egg (amphibians do not have)
3. Evolved copulatory organ for internal fertilization
4. More efficient circulatory system and higher blood pressure
5. Reptilian lungs are better developed – rely entirely upon air
6. Strategies for water
conservation – nitrogenous waste excreted as uric acid
7. Better body support with limbs for travel on land (except limbless reptiles)
8. More complex nervous system
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Term
| Order Testudines – turtles and toirtoises |
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Definition
3. Enclosed in a shell consisting of 2 parts
a. Carapace – the dorsal shell
b. Plastron – ventral breastplate
c. Vertebrae and ribs fused to carapace
d. Neck usually retractable
e. Jaws with sharp beak instead of teeth
f. All are oviparous
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Term
| Order Squamata – snakes and lizards |
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Definition
1. All snakes and some lizards are limbless
2. Reproductive methods variable:
a. Oviparous – lays eggs
b. Ovoviviparuos – retain eggs until fetus is mature, receive
nutrients from egg (not from mom)
c. Viviparous – retain eggs, embryo receives nutrients from mother
3. Several groups of snakes are venomous
4. Two species of lizards are venomous
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Term
Oviparous – ?
Ovoviviparuos - ?
Viviparous - ? |
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Definition
Oviparous – lays eggs
Ovoviviparuos – retain eggs until fetus is mature, receive nutrients from egg (not from mom)
Viviparous – retain eggs, embryo receives nutrients from mother
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Term
Order Sphenodonta – tuatara
Class reptilia |
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Definition
1. 2 species; just discovered new species in last decade
2. Occurs only on small islands off of New Zealand
3. Slowest rate of evolutionary change of any vertebrate (very similar to organisms 200 mya)
4. Oviparous |
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Term
| Order Crocodilia – crocodilians |
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Definition
Order Crocodilia – crocodilians
2. Changed very little in 200 my
4. Predators and scavengers
5. All are oviparous
6. Some display parental care
7. Crocodile wider jaw and tooth out to top |
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Term
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Definition
Neotenic or paedomorphic (do not loss larvae characters)
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Term
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Definition
Caudata:Tails with four appendages.
Order Caudata – salamanders and newts
2. Tails as adults
3. Legs not adapted for hopping
4. Usually have internal fertilization
a. Males produce spermatophores (packages of sperm) that are picked up by the female’s cloaca (orifice for reproduction and waste excretion)
5. Larvae usually have gills
6. Larvae usually resemble adults in body form
7. Some are neotenic or paedomorphic (do not loss larvae characters)
8. Some entirely aquatic, others inhabit moist terrestrial habitatsneotenic
9. Larvae and adults are carnivorous
10. Do not vocalize
11. Some newts have aquatic larval stage, terrestrial juvenile stage (red eft), and a secondary aquatic adult stage
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Term
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Definition
Gymnophiona/Apoda: Legless, adapted for burrowing.
- caecilians
2. Live in tropics
3. No legs and look like worms
4. Burrow in moist soil, some are aquatic
5. Many are blind
6. Carnivorous
7. Eggs deposited in moist soil or may be viviparous
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Term
Anura: Tail-less, 4 limbs, long powerful hind limbs.
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Definition
Order Anura – frogs and toads
3. Larvae are called tadpoles
a. Tail and gills, no legs
b. Most are herbivorous
4. Metamorphosis into adult is dramatic
a. Loss of tail
b. Grow legs adapted for hopping
c. Lose gills
d. Develop lungs
e. Become a carnivore
5. Vocalization is well developed
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