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Zoology
Invertebrate architechture
61
Biology
Undergraduate 2
11/15/2011

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Term
Cytoplasmic grade
Definition
all functions within a single cell
Term
Cellular Grade
Definition
Functionally differentiated cellular aggregation
Term
Cell-Tissue Grade
Definition
aggregation of similar cells into tissues
Term
Types of asexual reproduction
Definition
cell division, fragmentation, budding
Term
Isolecithal Eggs characteristics
Definition
small, little evenly distributed yolk, nucleus centrally located
Term
Isolecithal eggs examples
Definition
Marsupial, placental mammals, humans
Term
Telolecithal-Holoblastic Eggs Characteristics
Definition
Larger, More yolk, vegetal pole & animal pole, off center nucleus
Term
Telolecithal-holoblastic Eggs examples
Definition
squid, some bony fish, amphimbians
Term
vegetal pole
Definition
area of yolk
Term
animal pole
Definition
area of cytoplasmic
Term
Telolecithal-meroblastic Eggs characteristics
Definition
massive yolk, nucleus at top of animal pole, really large eggs
Term
telolecithal-meroblastic eggs examples
Definition
reptiles, birds
Term
Centrolecithal eggs characteristics
Definition
centrally located nucleus, nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm, cytoplasm surrounded by yolk and yolk surrounded by cytoplasm
Term
centrolecithal eggs example
Definition
many insects
Term
Endolecithal eggs charaterisitic
Definition
yolk is contained within the egg
Term
ectolecithal eggs characteristic and example
Definition
yolk is contained outside the egg; flatworms
Term
zygote
Definition
fertilized egg
Term
Morphogenesis stages
Definition
clevage, blastulation, gastrulation, mesoderm formation, coelom formation, differentiation
Term
clevage characteristics
Definition
mitotic, no cell growth between divisions, decrease in cell size
Term
clevage patterns
Definition
holoblastic, meroblastic, superficial clevage
Term
holoblastic clevage is found in which eggs
Definition
Isolcithal and telolecithal
Term
Holoblastic clevage
Definition
complete clevage
Term
meroblastic clevage
Definition
incmplete clevage, furrows stopped by yolk
Term
meroblastic clevage is found in telocithal eggs
Definition
Term
Superficial clevage
Definition
nuclear division w/o cytokinesis
Term
superficial clevage is found in
Definition
centrolecithal eggs
Term
cleavage types
Definition
radial & spiral
Term
radial clevage
Definition
clevage planes are symmetrical to polar axis
Term
raidal clevage results in cells called
Definition
blastomeres which are indeterminate
Term
radial clevage exmaples
Definition
chordates, echinoderms
Term
spiral clevage
Definition
clevage planes are obliqu to the polar axis
Term
spiral clevage examples
Definition
annelids, most mollusks
Term
In spiral clevage the blastomeres are
Definition
determinate
Term
Blastula structure
Definition
blastomere and blastocoel
Term
types of blastula
Definition
coeloblastula, stereoblastula, discoblastula, periblastula
Term
coeloblastula
Definition
hollow ball of cells from holoblastic radial clevage
Term
stereoblastula
Definition
solid ball of cells from holoblastic sprial clevage
Term
discoblastula
Definition
plate of cells over the animal pole
Term
periblastula
Definition
cells arranged as a thin layer around a central mass of yolk
Term
gastrulation
Definition
formatioon of gastrula and germ layers
Term
types of gastrula
Definition
coelogastrula, stereogastrula
Term
mechanisms of gastrulation
Definition
emboly, epiboly, involution, ingression, delamination
Term
emboly
Definition
invagination of blastula
Term
emboly form from
Definition
isolecithal eggs, coeloblastula
Term
epiboly
Definition
overgrowth of vegetal pole by cells of the animal pole to form the gastrula
Term
epiboly forms from
Definition
telolecithal eggs, steroblastula
Term
examples of epiboly
Definition
annelids and mollusks
Term
involution
Definition
blastoderm folds inward at the animal pole to form the gastrula
Term
Involution forms from
Definition
discoblastula
Term
Ingression
Definition
migration of cells to the interior to form the gastrula
Term
delamination
Definition
gastrula formation resulting from cells dividing parallel to the surface of the blastula
Term
Germ layers
Definition
ecto, endo, and mesoderm
Term
ectoderm forms the
Definition
skin, nervous system
Term
endoderm forms the
Definition
digestive, respiratory
Term
mesoderm forms
Definition
muscles, caridiovascular, reproductive
Term
types of mesoderm
Definition
ectomesoderm and endomesoderm
Term
true mesoderm that occurs in triploblstic phyla
Definition
endomesderm
Term
endomesoderm formamtion
Definition
mesentoblast derivation, archenteron derivation
Term
coelom formation mechanisms
Definition
schizocoely, enterocoely
Term
schizocoely
Definition
4d cell to mesoderm, mesoderm splits
Term
coelom types
Definition
acoelomate, psuedocoelomate, eucoelomate
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