Term
Animals
1. have eukaryotic cells
2. lack cell walls
3. are heterotropic in food habits
4. are multicellular
5. All of the above are correct. |
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Definition
| All of the above are correct. |
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Term
Of the following cell types found in sponges, which one covers the external surface of the animal?
1. Porocytes
2. Amebocytes
3. Pinacocytes
4. Mesohyl
5. Choanocytes |
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Definition
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Term
In sexual reproduction, some sponge species take up sperm from other sponges into their canal system so that fertilization occurs inside the sponge’s body. This statement is
1. true
2. false |
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Definition
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Term
Sponges with skeleton containing 6-rayed siliceous spicules that are often fused to form a latticework are members of the class?
1. Calcarea
2. Silicea
3. Hexactinellida
4. Syconiae
5. Demospongiae |
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Definition
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Term
Sponges do not have a nervous system and cannot respond to external stimuli. This statement is
1. true
2. false |
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Definition
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Term
The classical vertebrate class Reptilia (including snakes, lizards, and turtles) does not contain all of the descendants of its most common ancestor. By definition, Reptilia is
1. Polyphyletic
2. Paraphyletic.
3.Monophyletic
4.Aphyletic |
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Definition
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Term
Proteinaceous skeletal elements of the sponge’s skeleton include
1. Collagen
2. Spongin
3. Spicules
4. All of the above
5. 1 and 2 are correct, but not c |
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Definition
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Term
The cells surrounding the dermal ostia in a sponge which can contract to regulate water flow through the opening are
1. Muscle cells
2. Elastic cells
3. Spongin cells
4. Myocytes
5. Choanocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
In phylogenetic systematics:
1. The classification is made directly from the branching pattern of a cladogram
2. Special groups are given recognition by elevating their rank
3. Fossils are recognized as the direct ancestors of living forms
4. Decisions on which characters are plesiomorphic and which are derived are based on the opinion of the investigator
5. All of the above are correct. |
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Definition
| Classification is made directly from the branching pattern of a cladogram |
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Term
Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of classification from smallest (narrowest) to largest (broadest)?
1. Phylum, class, family, order, genus, species
2. Species, genus, class, family, order, phylum
3. Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
4. Phylum, order, family, class, genus, species
5. Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum |
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Definition
| Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum |
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Term
The ameba-like cell type in the sponge that secretes skeletal elements and transports food is the
1. archaeocyte
2. choanocyte
3. porocyte
4. Pinacocyte
5. Plasmocyte |
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Definition
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Term
According to the binonial system of zoological nomenclature, the name "sapiens" in Homo sapiens refers to the
1. Species
2. Genus
3. Family
4. Subspecies
5. Order |
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Definition
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Term
Commercial sponges are unique because they
1. Have both spicules and spongin fibers in their skeletons
2. Have only calcareous (CaCO3) spicules in their skeletons
3. Have only siliceous (SiO2) spicules in their skeletons
4. Have only spongin fibers in their skeletons |
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Definition
| Have only spongin fibers in their skeletons |
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Term
The leuconoid sponge design
1. Has greater surface area per unit volume than the asconoid or syconoid skeletons
2. Is the most complex of the sponge body designs
3. In most cases appears to consist of colonies of sponges
4. Has huge numbers of flagellated chambers
5. All of the above are correct |
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Definition
| All of the above are correct |
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Term
The biologist who originated the system of binomial nomenclature was
1. Charles Darwin
2. Carolus Linnaeus
3. Ernst Mayr
4. George Gaylord Simpson
5. Theodore Roosevelt |
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Definition
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Term
The interior cavity of an asconoid sponge is called the
1. Incurrent canal
2. Flagellated chamber
3. Radial canal
4. Spongocoel
5. Porocyte |
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Definition
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Term
The type of symmetry in which a cylindrical animal body can be cut into mirror images by an infinite number of planes passing from one end of the body to the other is
1. Spherical symmetry
2. Radial Symmetry
3. Lack of symmetry
4. Bilateral symmetry
5. Pentaradial symmetry |
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Definition
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Term
Folding of the body wall of sponges:
1. Decreases the ratio of surface area to volume, thereby increasing efficiency of absorptive processes
2. Does not affect the surface area to volume ratio
3. Increases the ratio of surface area to volume, thereby increasing efficiency of absorptive processes
4. Has prevented sponges from evolving large body size |
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Definition
| Increases the ratio of surface area to volume, thereby increasing efficiency of absorptive processes |
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Term
According to the evolutionary (classical) taxonomists, both symplesionmorphies and synapomorphies can be used to demonstrate phylogenetic relationships between taxa. This statement is
1. True
2. False |
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Definition
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Term
In sponges, food is digested in the spongocoel by enzymes produced by choanocytes. This statement is
1. True
2. False |
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Definition
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Term
A diagram generated by classical (evolutionary) taxonomists to depict the branching sequence of evolution in groups, their times of origin, and their relative diversity through time is a:
1. Cladogram
2. Phylogenetic tree
3. Anagram
4. Cryptogram
5. Telegram |
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Definition
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Term
Willi Hennig proposed that
1. All types of characters be used to construct phylogenies
2. Only plesiomorphies be used to construct phylogenies
3. Only convergent characters be used to construct phylogenies
4. Only synapomorphies be used to construct phylogenies |
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Definition
| Only synapomorphies be used to construct phylogenies |
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Term
The incorporation of population genetics into evolutionary theory was accomplished as a result of:
1 Hennig's development of Phylogenetic Systematics
2. The publication of the 10th Edition of Systema Naturae by Linnaeus
3. The Modern Synthesis
4. Darwin’s Origin of Species
5. None of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Because of Darwin’s Origin of Species, modern classifications of organisms (that is, arrangement into species, genera, orders, etc.) are based on:
1. General similarity in appearance
2. Theoretical patterns of common ancestry
3. The whims of a taxonomist
4. General similarity in behavior
5. General similarity in ecology |
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Definition
| Theoretical patterns of common ancestry; |
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Term
The type of section produced when a cut is made perpendicular to the long axis of the body is a:
1. Midfrontal section
2. Midsagittal section
3. Lateral section
4. Cross section
5. Dorsal section |
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Definition
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Term
-In intracellular digestion a food vacuole is formed inside the cell, and this is merged with a:
1. Porocyte
2. Spicule
3. Lysosome
4. Nucleus
5. Ribosome |
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Definition
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Term
Elimination of waste materials in sponges is carried out
1. By specialized cells called osmocytes
2. Only by archaeocytes
3. By the ostium
4. Through all cellular surfaces
5. By primitive kidneys |
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Definition
| Through all cellular surfaces |
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Term
In a cat, the stomach is ________ to the brain, and the sternum (breastbone) is ________ to the ribs. The blanks are correctly filled by the terms:
1. Dorsal, posterior
2. Posterior, lateral
3. Interior, lateral
4. Posterior, medial
5. Dorsal, anterior |
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Definition
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Term
Carolus Linnaeus placed organisms into taxonomic categories based on: 1. Evolutionary relationships
2. Similarities to other life forms
3. Biochemical similarities
4. Randomness
5. All of these factors. |
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Definition
| Similarities to other life forms |
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Term
According to cladistic theory, a monophyletic group is defined by its: 1. Synapomorphies
2. Symplesiomorphies
3. Convergences
4. All of the above
5. Both "a" and "b" are correct, but not "c" |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following contributed to the development of the Modern Synthesis except:
1. George Gaylord Simpson
2. Ernst Mayr
3. Theodosius Dobzhansky
4. Willi Hennig. |
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Definition
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Term
A monophyletic group:
1. Includes an ancestral species and at least most of its descendents
2. Includes an ancestral species and all of its descendents
3. Includes all species that exhibit a set of general similarities
4. Includes an ancestral species and at least a few of its descendents
5. None of the above are correct |
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Definition
| Includes an ancestral species and all of its descendents |
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Term
Syconoid sponges:
1. Have porocytes
2. Have a vaselike body with a moderate degree of folding of the body wall
3. Can be very large in body size
4. Have choanocytes lining the spongocoel
5. All of the above are correct |
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Definition
| Have a vaselike body with a moderate degree of folding of the body wall |
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Term
Which of the following is a function of the sponge choanocyte?
1. Transmitting nerve impulses to other cells
2. Making spicules and spongin fibers
3. Capturing food particles
4. Forming a protective covering around the sponge’s body. |
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Definition
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Term
A shared derived character found in two of more taxa (e.g., species, families, etc.) that is judged to represent a homology is:
1. A synapomorphy
2. Symplesiomorphy
3. A convergence. |
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Definition
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Term
A branching diagram generated by phylogenetic systematists to depict the pattern of synapomorphies, and by inference, the branching pattern of lineages is a:
1. Cladogram
2. Phylogenetic tree
3. Phenogram
4. Cryptogram
5. Telegram. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is true regarding the body organization of sponges?
1. They have well developed organ systems
2. They have a mouth and digestive tract to process food
3. They have rudimentary sense organs
4. They are multicellular, but lack tissues and organs
5. All of the above. |
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Definition
| They are multicellular, but lack tissues and organs |
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Term
Which of the following demonstrates the proper way for a scientific name to written in handwriting?
1. HOMO SAPIENS
2. homo sapiens
3. Homo sapiens
4. Homo Sapiens
5. Homo sapiens (underlined). |
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Definition
| Homo sapiens (underlined) |
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Term
Gemmules
1. Are found only in tropical sponges
2. Are resistant stages of sponges that can tolerate colder temperatures of winter
3. Are armed with spicules and serve as defensive cells against predators
4. Live inside the spongocoel of the parent sponge
5. All of the above are correct. |
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Definition
| Are resistant stages of sponges that can tolerate colder temperatures of winter |
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Term
The flying squirrel is physically quite similar to a sugar glider, yet belongs to a different taxonomic lineage. This represents a good example of
1. Homologous similarity
2. Convergence. |
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Definition
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Term
The current hierarchical scheme of classification was devised by:
1. Charles Darwin
2. Carolus Linnaeus
3. Willi Hennig
4. Ernst Mayr
5. Aristotle. |
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Definition
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