Term
| 2 Characteristics of Lophotrochozoa |
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Definition
1. Lophophore
2. Trochophore Larva |
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Term
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Definition
-horseshoe-shaped feeding apparatus made of ciliated tentacles
-found in bryzoans & related phyla |
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Term
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Definition
-top-shaped larva with ciliated ring and complete gut
-found in molluscs, annelids, & related phyla |
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Term
| Platyhelminthes Digestive System |
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Definition
-incomplete gut
-absent in some
-extracellular digestion followed by phagocytosis |
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Term
| Platyhelminthes Excretory & Osmoregulatory System |
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Definition
-protonephridia with flame cells
-diffusion |
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Term
|
Definition
| -elimination of nitrogenous wastes |
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Term
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Definition
| -elimination of excess water |
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Term
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Definition
| cilia on flame cell create negative pressure, pulling fluid from body |
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Term
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Definition
| concentration of nervous tissue at head of bilaterally symmetric organism |
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Term
| Platyhelminthes Sensory System |
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Definition
-cephalization
-nerve plexus under epidermis
-anterior ganglia & nerve trunks in some |
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Term
| Platyhelminthes Reproductive System |
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Definition
-most are monoecious
-many are ectolecithal
-typically do not self fertilize |
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Term
| Platyhelminthes' 3 Classes |
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Definition
1. Turbellaria
2. Cestoda
3. Trematoda |
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Term
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Definition
| Freshwater, marine, & terrestrial |
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Term
| Turbellaria Feeding & Digestion |
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Definition
-sheathed pharynx
-active predators or scavengers
-one anterior, two posterior laterally branched trunks |
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Term
|
Definition
-rhabdite cells produce mucus
-dual-gland adhesive organ
-muscles
-cilia |
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Term
| Turbellaria Sensory System |
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Definition
-anterior ganglia with ocelli
-mechano-,chemo-,photosensation (can detect water currents as well) |
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Term
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Definition
-fission & regeneration (asexual)
-monoecious, sperm-trading (sexual) |
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Term
| Trematoda & Cestoda's 4 Adaptations to Parasitism |
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Definition
1. Increased reproductive output
2. Presence of adhesive organs
3. Reduced or absent digestive system
4. Resistant Cuticle (syncytial tegument) |
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Term
|
Definition
-syncytial = many nuclei within 1 membrane
-protects from hosts digestive enzymes
-epidermis shed upon entering host |
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Term
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Definition
-endoparasitic in host's digestive tract
-multiple hosts |
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Term
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Definition
-serially repeating segments called proglottids
-scolex with suckers & hooks (arranged in rostellum) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cestoda Reproductive System |
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Definition
| -monoecious, can self and outcross |
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Term
| Cestoda Syncytial Tegument Adaptations |
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Definition
| -microtriches increase absorption surface area (lacking digestive system) |
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Term
|
Definition
-endoparasitic, often in liver
-invertebrate & vertebrate hosts |
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Term
| Trematoda Digestive System |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-monoecious with cross-fertilization
-body is mostly gonad
-yolking occurs at fertilization
-eggs can persist in water |
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Term
| 2 Trematodes Affecting Humans |
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Definition
1. Schistosoma
2. Human Liver Fluke |
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Term
|
Definition
-2 hosts
-miracidium larva infects snail
-cercariae larva infects humans
-dioecious |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Human Liver Fluke Lifecycle |
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Definition
-3 hosts (human, snail, fish)
-miracidium, cercariae, rediae |
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Term
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Definition
| extra asexual life stage of fluke, increases reproductive output |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Platyhelminthes
2. Mollusca
3. Rotifera
4. Annelida |
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Term
| 4 Differences Between Protostomia and Deuterostomia |
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Definition
1. Cleavage Patterns
2. Cell differentiation
3. Fate of blastopore
4. Origin of mesoderm |
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Term
| Protostomia Characteristics (4) |
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Definition
1. spiral cleavage
2. mosaic embryo
3. blastopore -> mouth
4. schizocoelous |
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Term
| Deuterostomia Characteristics (4) |
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Definition
1. radial cleavage
2. regulative embryo
3. blastopore -> anus
4. enterocoelous |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Headfoot
2. Visceral Mass
3. Mantle |
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Term
|
Definition
| mouth, nerve collar, foot, retractor muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
| digestive gland, stomach, intestine, gonad, heart, hemocoel, nephridium, anus |
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Term
|
Definition
| mantle, shell, mantle cavity, gill |
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Term
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Definition
| periostracum, prismatic, nacreous |
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Term
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Definition
| outer shell layer, protein |
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Term
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Definition
| middle shell layer,calcium carbonate/protein |
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Term
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Definition
| inner shell layer, thin CACO3 layers, mother-of-pearl |
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Term
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Definition
- mouth + radula
- beak in some |
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Term
| Mollusca Digestive System |
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Definition
| -digestive gland, stomach, intestine, anus |
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Term
| Mollusca Respiratory System |
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Definition
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Term
| Mollusca Circulatory System |
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Definition
-open, surrounded by hemocoel
-closed in some |
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Term
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Definition
| -reduced coelom modified for fluid/gas exchange around heart |
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Term
| Mollusca Excretory System |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-nephrostome enters coelom
-nephridiopore exits in mantle cavity |
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Term
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Definition
-nerve ring
-pedal & visceral nerve cords |
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Term
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Definition
-dioecious
-internal fertilization
-indirect development through larvae |
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Term
| 3 Types of Mollusca Larva |
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Definition
1. trochophore
2. veliger
3. glochodium |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Scaphopoda
2. Polyplacophora
3. Cephalopoda
4. Bivalvia
5. Gastropoda |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Polyplacophora HAM Modifications (3) |
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Definition
-calcareous shell divided into 8 valves
-mantle forms girdle around valves
-mantle cavity modified into pallial grooves with ctenidia |
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Term
| Polyplacophora Reproduction |
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Definition
| -trochophore larva metamorphoses into adult |
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Term
| Scaphopoda Lifestyle & Habitat |
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Definition
-sessile, buried in sand
-subtidal to deep |
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Term
| Scaphopoda HAM Modifications (3) |
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Definition
-ventral shell fussion with mantle open at both ends
-no gills (water flow created with cilia, gas exchange occurs in mantle)
-captacula + foot used for feeding in sand |
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Term
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Definition
| -trocophore & veliger larva |
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Term
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Definition
| -marine, freshwater, & terrestrial (air & water breathing) |
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Term
| Gastropoda HAM Modifications (3) |
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Definition
-torsion & coiling
-loss of right-side structures
-developed nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| -180* rotation of visceral mass (occurs during larval stage) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -shell spirals to better redistribute weight (planospiral & conispiral shells) |
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Term
| Gastropoda's 3 Subclasses |
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Definition
1. Prosobranchia
2. Opisthobranchia
3. Pulmonata |
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Term
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Definition
aquatic snails
torsion & coiling |
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Term
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Definition
| herbivores, detritivores, carnivores |
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Term
| Prosobranchia Avoid Fouling By...(2) |
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Definition
1. single-gilled = water enters in left, exits out right
2. double-gilled = water exits through holes in shells |
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Term
|
Definition
-veliger larva stage
-elaborate egg casings
-undergo metamorphoses before hatching |
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Term
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Definition
| -sea hares & sea slugs (nudibranchs) |
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Term
| Opisthobranchia Body Plan |
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Definition
-detorsion
-gills
-reduced shell in hares, no shell in slugs
-mantle modified into wings for swimming |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Opisthobranchia Reproduction |
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Definition
-monoecious
-mating chains in sea hares
-sea slugs lay egg ribbons |
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Term
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Definition
| -terrestrial slugs & snails |
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Term
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Definition
| -vascularized mantle modified into lung |
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Term
|
Definition
| -anus & nephridopore open to expel wastes into air |
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Term
| Bivalvia Habitat, Lifestyle, Body Plan |
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Definition
-burrowing & sessile
-marine & freshwater
-gills & shell |
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Term
| Bivalvia HAM Modifications (4) |
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Definition
-two valves
-mantle modified into siphons
-ctenidia modified for filter feeding
-modified stomach and esophagus with crystalline style |
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Term
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Definition
| -some freshwater mussels have glochodium |
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Term
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Definition
| -bivalve larva parasitic on fish gills |
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Term
|
Definition
| -mantle modified into lure to transfer glochodium to fish |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 4 Consequences of Zebra Mussel Invasion |
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Definition
1. Decrease in phytoplankton
2. change lake food webs
3. outcompete native mussels
4. physical damage to water intake pipes |
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Term
| Cephalopoda Lifestyle, Habitat, & Body Plan |
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Definition
-marine
-swimming predator
- gills & shell present/reduced/absent |
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Term
| Cephalopoda HAM Modifications |
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Definition
-foot lobed with tentacles & funnels
-brain & eye
-closed circulatory system with accessory hearts |
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Term
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Definition
-male transfers spermatophore to female's mantle
-no free swimming larva
-octopi exhibit maternal care |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1. Squid
2. Nautilus
3. Octopi
4. Cuttlefish |
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Term
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Definition
| have reduced internal shell called pen |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced internal shell called cuttlebone |
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Term
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Definition
| multichambered gas-filled shell, aids in buoyancy |
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Term
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Definition
| cord of tissue in nautilus running through shell connecting visceral mass |
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Term
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Definition
| no shell, most intelligent invertebrate |
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Term
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Definition
-pseudocoelomate
-foot, ciliated corona, mastax
-syncytial epidermis with cuticle
-eutelic |
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Term
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Definition
-complete digestive tract (stomach, intestine, anus)
-corona, mouth, mastax
-gastric & salivary glands
- |
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Term
| Rotifera Excretion & Osmoregulation |
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Definition
-protonephridia with flame cells
-bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| -open circulation in pseudocoelom |
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Term
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Definition
-dioecious
-males rare, absent |
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Term
| 3 Kinds of Rotifer Reproduction |
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Definition
1. Bdelloid
2. Seisonid
3. Monogonot |
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Term
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Definition
-parthenogenesis
-diploid eggs -> adults |
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Term
|
Definition
-normal male & female reproduction
-haploid eggs & sperm |
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Term
|
Definition
-males & females
-amictic & mictic eggs
-haplodiploidy |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-haploid eggs -> male
-times of dormancy |
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Term
| 6 Functions of a Body Cavity |
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Definition
1. Hydrostatic Skeleton
2. Circulatory System
3. Storage of Nutrients, Gases, Waste
4. Space for Organ Differentiation
5. Fluid Cushioning for Organs
6. Freedom of Movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| separation of body into serially repeating segments |
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Term
|
Definition
-repeated hearts & secondary blood vessels
-repeated lateral nerves & metanephridia |
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Term
|
Definition
-repetaed paired appendiges
-repeated respiratory structures |
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Term
|
Definition
-repeated skeletal components and gills
-myomeres (repeated trunk muscles) |
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Term
| 4 Advantages of Metamerization |
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Definition
1. specialization of function & division of labor
2. resilience to injury
3. hydrostatic skeleton
4. complex movement |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Oligochaetes
2. Polychaetes
3. Hirudinia |
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Term
|
Definition
-metameres with annuli & septa
-prostomium, peristomium, pygidium |
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Term
| Annelid Circulatory System |
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Definition
-closed
-repeated hearts & secondary blood vessels
-dorsal & ventral vessels not segmented |
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Term
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Definition
| -metanephridia without flame cells |
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Term
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Definition
-cerebral ganglia
-lateral nerves branch from nerve cord |
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Term
| Annelid Respiratory System |
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Definition
-parapodia
-through epidermis |
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Term
| Polychaete Lifestyle & Habitat |
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Definition
-marine & freshwater
-errant (scavengers/predators)
-sessile (filter feeders) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Locomotion
2. Respiration
3. Feeding |
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Term
|
Definition
-parapodia with clustered setae
-specialized prostomium and peristomium for predation |
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Term
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Definition
-dioecious
-no permanent gonads
-gonads appear in peritoneum and enter coelom
-atoke/epitoke in some |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Fanworm (radiole)
2. Lugworm
3. Parchment Worm |
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Term
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Definition
-errant polychaetes
-mutualist with sea stars/urchins |
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Term
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Definition
| -terrestrial or freshwater |
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Term
|
Definition
-no parapodia
-ventral & lateral setae |
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Term
| Oligochaete Digestive System |
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Definition
| -specialized to process detritus from soil |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-monoecious
-clitellum
-simultaneous sperm exchange |
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Term
| Hirudinea Lifestyle & Habitat |
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Definition
-mostly freshwater, some terrestrial & marine
-predators or ectoparasite |
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Term
|
Definition
-parapodia & setae lacking
-metameres have 34 segments lacking septa
-coelom filled with connective tissue |
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Term
| Hirudinea Circulatory System |
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Definition
| -closed, but absent in some |
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Term
|
Definition
| -lack setae, move with suckers |
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Term
|
Definition
-monoecious
-cross-fertilize by exchanging sperm |
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Term
|
Definition
| -some have gills, other respire through epidermis |
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