Term
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Definition
kiwis (1/1/3)
New Zealand
+ long slender bills
+ hair-like plumage
+ v. reduced wings, flightless
+ 4 toes, elevated hallux
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
tinamous (1/9/47)
Neotropical
+ some polyandrous
+ ground nester, nidifugous young
+ crepuscular activity
+ poor flyers; weak carina
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
ostrich (1/1/1)
+ males black, females brown
+ open, arid country
+ pwrful legs, 2 toes (3 & 4)
+ ratite
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
rheas (1/1/2)
Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
+ 3 toes (2, 3, 4)
+ grasslands, flightless, curssorial
+ polygamous , dump nesting, synchronous hatching
+ incubation/care by male
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
cassowaries & emus (2/2/4)
Australia, New Guinea
+ cassowaries: forest dwellers
head/neck featherless, skin brightly colored
heavy casque (helmet)
reduced wings, no retrices
parental care by male
+ emus: side of head neck lack feathers, bluish-white
open arid country
care by both parents
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
grebes (1/6/21)
Worldwide
+ lobed toes
+ tarsii lat. compressed
+ lakes, ponds, swim underwater w/feet
+ weak flyers
+ eat own feathers
+ parental care by both, carry chicks on back
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
loons (1/1/5)
northern eurasia and n. america
+plumage streaked/dotted black and white
+first 3 toes fully webbed
+lakes and ponds, swim w/ feet
+demented-sounding calls
+parental care by both
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
penguins (1/6/17)
Antarctic to Galapagos
+ paddle-like wings propel underwater
+ some nest on ground or ice, or carry egg on feet
+ nidicolous (stay in nest) young
+ parental care by both
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
"tubenoses" (4/24/115)
albatross, shearwaters, petrels, fulmars
most oceans, often pelagic (far @ sea)
+ excrete salt from gland in nostrils, can drink seawater
+ diving-petrels swim w/ wings
+ some species discharge stinky oil when upset
+ many have excellent smell
+ parental care by both, nidicolous young
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
pelicans, cormorants, boobies,
gannets, tropicsbirds, frigatebirds, anhingas (6/8/67)
oceans and lakes of world
+ totipalmate feet
+ nostrils small or absent
+ nests often in trees
+ parental care by both, nidicolous young
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
(Ardeidae-65.sp)herons, bitterns, egrets
(Ciconiidae-19.sp) storks
(Cathartidae-7.sp)new world vultures
(Threskiornithidae-34.sp) ibis
whale-head stork, hammerhead (africa)
Worldwide distr, assoc. w/ water
+ lrg birds w/ long bills
+ stick nest in trees
+ nidicolous, parental care by both
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
flamingos (1/1/5)
west indies, s. america, europe, asia, africa
+shallow lagoons and lakes, tropical
+ filter feeders
+ parental care by both; nidifugous
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
ducks, geese, swans, "screamers" (2/48/161)
worldwide
+ stereotyped group, lots of variability
+ screamers: 3 sp. in s. america, semipalmate, chicken-bill, loud trumpeting sound, layer of air-sacs under skin
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
hawks, eagles, falcons, secretarybird (3/80/304)
worldwide
+ secretarybird: African plains, catches reptiles, cursorial
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
pheasants, grouse, quail, turkeys, chicken, megapodes, curassows, guans, chachalacas, guineafowl (5/70/258)
worldwide
large and diverse group
+ megapodes: "brush turkeys" - australia, s. pacific; mound nesting (10ftx25ft)
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
perching birds (83/1161/5712)
worldwide
ansiodactyl feet, incumbent hallux
characteristic palate and spermatozoa
"suboscines" 15 fam's, neotropical, simple syrinx
"oscines" 68 fam's, complex syrinx, songbirds |
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Term
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Definition
woodpeckers, honeyguides, toucans, aracaris (8/62/410),br>worldwide
zygodactyl
specialized bills
some have stiff retrices
cavity nesters |
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Term
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Definition
kingfishers, rollers, motmots, bee-eaters, hornbills, hoopoes
worldwide, mainly old world
syndactyl
strong prominent bill
cavity nesters
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Term
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Definition
trogons (1/6/39)
pantropical
forest-dwellers, frugivores, arboreal
heterodactyl feet
beautiful colors, unique red pigment (ex. quetzal) |
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Term
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Definition
mousebirds "colies" (1/2/6)
Africa
brown or gray
long tail and crest
scurry thru vegetation in forests
will hang upside-down, even while sleeping |
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Term
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Definition
swifts, hummingbirds (3/128/422)
(Trochilidae-hummingbirds, New world)
(Apodidae-swifts, worldwide)
(Hemiprocnidae-crested swifts, india and se asia)
strong flyers
saliva glues nests
share a unique egg-white protein |
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Term
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Definition
nighthawks, nightjars, poor-wills, frogmouths, potoos, oilbird (5/20/113)
catch insects at dusk
v. lrg mouth-gape
many lay eggs directly on ground
oilbird: s. america, echolocation in caves |
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Term
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Definition
owls (2/25/178)
worldwide,br>nocturnal predators
eyes fixed in sockets
ears asymmetrical
swallow food whole, regurgitate pellets |
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Term
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Definition
cuckoos, anis, roadrunners, Hoatzin (2/30/143)
worldwide
stout bill, usually curved
long, graduated tail
Hoatzin: s. american, ferments leaves in crop, stinky odor |
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Term
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Definition
touracos, "go-away-birds", "plantain-eaters" (1/5/23)
Africa
usually crested, v. colorful
semizygodactyl feet
arboreal, forest-dwellers |
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Term
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Definition
parrots, parakeets, macaws (3/80/358)
pantropical
brightly colored
hooked bill
zygodactyl
racous voices
strong flyers |
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Term
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Definition
pigeons, doves (1/40/310)
worldwide
short bill, cere at base
crop makes "pigeons milk"
drink water by sucking |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
cranes, rails (11/55/213)
worldwide |
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