Term
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Definition
Phylum: annelida
-segments, septa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, setae, parapodia, bilateral symmetry |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: annelida
Class: polychaeta |
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Term
| Earthworms, fresh water oligochaetes |
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Definition
Phylum: annelida
Class: Oligochaeta
-intestine, typhlosole, dorsal vessel, heart, stomach, crop |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:annelida
Class:hirudinea
-jaws, proboscis, anterior sucker (mouth), posterior sucker |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: Echinodermata
-dermal ossicles, dermalskeleton, water cascular system, ring canal, radial canals, aumpullae, tube feet radial symmetry |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:echinodermata
Class: asteroidean
-arms, tube feet, central disk indistinct, cardiac and pyloric stomachs |
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Term
| brittle starts, basket stars |
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Definition
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: ophiuroidea
-arms (long and branched in basket stars, no tube feet, central disk distinct |
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Term
| sea urchins, sand dollars |
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Definition
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: echinoidea
-no arms, round or disk-shaped, some forms spiny, tube feet, solid skeleton, Aristotle's skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class:holothuroidea
-tubular shape, tube feet on sides, everisible tenacles, reduced skeletal elements |
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Term
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Definition
phylum:enchinodermata
class:crinoidea
-flower-like shape (stalk, calyx), branched arms |
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Term
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Definition
phylum: arthropoda
-cuticle (exoskeleton), jointed legs, distinct body sections (in most), moveable mouthparts |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum: Trilobita
-long extinct but once common oceanic group, flat body, head, thorax, abdomen, many legs |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum: chelicerata
-mostly 8 legs, chelicerae, pedipalps, most with cephalothorax abdomen body plan, no antennae |
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Term
| giant sea scorpions (extinct) and horseshoe crabs |
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum: chelicerata
Class: Merostomata
-cephalothorax, abdomen, chelicerae, pedipalps, book gills |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum arthropoda
Subphylum:chelicerata
Class:pycnogonida
-cephalothorax, abdomen, chelicerae, pedipalps, proboscis, organs extend into legs, very delicate appearance, 8-10 legs |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:chelicerata
Class:arachnida
-cephalothorax, abdomen, chelicerae, pedipalps, 8 legs |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:chelicerata
Class:arachnida
Order:araneae
-mostly rounded body sections, segments not visible, many eyes, chelicerae with venom fangs, pedipalps leg-like |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:chelicerata
Class:arachnida
Order: Scorpiones
-elongated body, segmented abdomen with elongated tail and stinger, chelicerae small, pedipalps as large pinchers |
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Term
| daddy longlegs, harvestmen |
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:chelicerata
Class:arachnids
Order:opoliones
-rounded body, cephalothorax-abdomen division indistinct, segments of abdomen apparent, long and thin legs, chelicerae and pedipalps small |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum:chelicerata
Class:arachnida
Order:acari
-rounded (mites) or flat (ticks), cephalotorax-abdomen division somewhat indistinct, mouthparts somewhat fused into capitulum |
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Term
| camel spiders, sun spiders |
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:chelicerata
Class: arachnida
Order: solifugae
-oval body, segments of abdomen distinct, pedipalps clublike, chelicerae as stout but large pinchers |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum:myriapoda
-many legs (always 10 or more), head-trunk body plan, trunk made up of many segments, one pair of antannae |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:myriapoda
Class:Chilopoda
-usually somewhat flattened, one pair of legs per trunk segment, hind legs unusually long, front legs modified into venom claws, unusually short antennae |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum: myriapoda
Class: diplopoda
-usually tubular in shape, two pairs of legs per trunk segment, usually short antennae |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:crustacea
-two pairs of antennae, mostly ten or more legs (some parasitic forms have few or none), cephalothorax-abdomen or head-thorax-abdomen body plan, bifurcate legs in some |
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Term
| fairy shrimp, brine shrimp |
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Definition
phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum crustacean
Class: Branchiopoda
Order:anostraca
-mostly 18-24 legs, protruding eyes, very thick first pair of antennae, long tail-like abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:crustacea
Class:branchiopoda
Order:notostraca
-broad and flattened appearance, carapace covering head and thorax, two eyes at front of carapace, tail-like abdomen with paired filaments at end, 10-70 legs |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:crustacea
Class:branchiopoda
Order:diplostraca
-carapace covering nearly all of body, usually spear-like process at posterior end, head may be rounded or pointed, legs short, antennae function as swimming legs |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum: crustacean
Class: ostracoda
-clam-like or seed-like appearance, carapace covers body with two valves, oval to round shape, virtually not internal features visible to outside except eyes |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum:crustacea
Class: maxillopoda
Subclass:copepoda |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum: crustacean
Class:maxillopoda
Subclass: cirripedia
-highly modified, filter feeders, form anchored shell with internally valved shell, legs modified into raking tentacle-like structures |
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Term
| scuds, beach fleas, sideswimmers |
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:crustacea
Class:malacostraca
Order: amphipoda
-laterally flattened, many abdominal prolegs, superficially resemble shrimp but without carapace |
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Term
| sow bugs, rolly pollies, fish lice |
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:crustacea
Class:malacostraca
Order:isopoda
-dorsoventrally flattened, abdomen usually very short, thorax comprises most of body length |
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Term
| shrimps, lobsters, crabs, crayfish |
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:crustacea
Class:malacostraca
Order:decapoda
-highly varied, most fairly large, carapace covers head and thorax -- forms artificial cephalothorax |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum:hexapoda
-all have six legs, one air of antennae, head-thorax-abdomen body design |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum: hexapoda
Class:collembola
-mouthparts inside mouth cavity, large forked appendage near posterior end of abdomen (furcula), no wings |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum:hexpoda
Class:insecta
-most forms with wings (usually 4, diptera only 2, some with wings secondarily lost or reduced) or primitive wings, many with unique development |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum:hexapoda
Class: insect
Order:odonata
-elongate abdomen, tiny antennae, large eyes, long wings with front and back pairs very similar, often colorful, hemimetabolous development, chewing mouthparts |
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Term
| grasshopper, katydids, crickets, etc. |
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum:hexapoda
Class:insecta
Order:orthoptera
-stout to elongate, large hing legs (designed for jumping), leathery forewings typicaly held over abdomen, paurometabolous (hemimetabolous) development, chewing mouthparts |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum: hexapoda
Class: insect
Order: coleopteran
-varied shapes, elytra (hardened forewings) cover abdomen and meet in middle, holometabolous development, chewing mouthparts |
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Term
| true bugs - stink bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, bed bugs |
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum: hexapoda
Class: insect
Order:hemiptera
-varied shapes, inner half of forewings hardened, forewings overlap at rest, mouthparts fused into rostrum (usually spear-like), paurometabolous (land) or hemimetabolous (water) development, some secondarily wingless (bedbugs) |
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Term
| true flies - common flies, mosquitoes, midges, deer flies, bot flies, black flies |
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum: hexapoda
Class: insect
Order:Diptera
-only forewings functional, hindwings modified into tiny halteres, mouthparts partially fused for cutting, sponging, or piercing, holometabolous development |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum: hexapoda
Class: insect
Order: Lepidoptera
-large wings covered in fine scales, often colorful, mandibles degenerate in adults, maxillae form tube like haustellum, holometabolous development, sucking mouthparts as adults, chewing mouthparts as larvae |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphylum: hexapoda
Class: insect
Order: trchoptera
-adults moth-like, usually very long antennae, larvae construct portable case of silk and local materials from water, chewing mouthparts as adults and larvae |
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Term
| ants, bees, velvet ants, wasps |
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Definition
Phylum:arthropoda
Subphylum:hexapoda
Class: insect
Order: hymenoptera
-four functional wings, chewing mouthparts, usually constriction at front of abdomen, females of some species can sting, holometabolous development |
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Term
| acorn worms, pterobranchs |
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Definition
Phylum:hemichordata
-worm-like, have 2 of 4 chordate features (pharyngeal slits, partial notochord), all marine (oceanic) |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
-all have at least 4 basic chordate features in at least part of life (pharyngeal slits, notochord, endostyle, postanal tail |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum:urochordata
-have all 4 chordate features as larvae, lose notochord and postanal tail as adults, adults sedentary filter feeders, all marine |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: cephalochordate
-have all 4 chordate features throughout life, slightly resemble primitive fish, no true fins, segmented muscle bands, filter feeders, all marine |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:chordata
Subphylum: vertebrata
-many have cartilaginous or bony skeleton, at very least – partial cartilaginous or bony skull |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:chrodata
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass:Agnatha
-no true fins, no jaws, no paired fins, all snake-like or eel-like, multiple gill slits (pouch-like), tongue covered with teeth, marine or freshwater, many unique extinct groups (placoderms, ostracoderms) |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: agnatha
Class: myxini
-small mouth, short barbels next to mouth, all deep water marine, poorly developed eyes |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: agnatha
Class: petromyzontida
-flat disk around mouth, teeth on disk, some extensions that resemble fins, well developed eyes, some parasitic as adults, larvae filter feeders, all at least partially or entirely freshwater – mostly clean streams |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:chordata
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: gnathostomata
--jaws – thought derived from gill arches, gills supported by cartilaginous or bony arches, gills slits or operculum, all living forms with two sets of paired fins – pectoral and pelvic fins, most also have dorsal, anal, and caudal fins |
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Term
| cartilaginous fishes - sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes |
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Definition
Phylum:chordta
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass:gnathostomata
Class: chondrichthyes
-cartilaginous skeleton, placoid scales, expendable teeth, gills slits, fins supported by thin cartilage plates, virtually all marine |
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Term
| ray-finned fishes - sunfishes, catfishes, trout, minnows |
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: gnathostomata
Class:actinopterygii
-bony skeleton, fins supported by thin bony rays, gills housed under single operculum, cycloid, ctenoid, or ganoid scales, marine and freshwater, highly diverse group |
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Term
| lobe-finned fishes -- lung fishes, coelacanths |
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass:gnathostomata
Class: sarcopterygii
--bony skeleton, fins supported by bony rays, base of fins leg-like, gills housed under single operculum, mostly cycloid scales, marine and freshwater, very few extant species |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordta
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
-four legs, well developed bony skeleton, pelvic girdle largely fused to spinal column, lungs in most forms, all have gills during larval development, some amphibians retain gills throughout life |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class: amphibian
-aquatic larval stages with gills (in most), glandular skin, a few forms with scales, virtually all require water for reproduction, virtually all freshwater or terrestrial, no claws (except clawed frogs), lungs lacking in some terrestrial forms, lungs poorly developed in most |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:chordata
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class:amphibia
Order: anura
-larvae with no legs, larvae with internal gills, adults with large hind legs, large head and mouth, tail lost as adult (except in tailed frogs), stout body |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class: amphibian
Order:urodela
-larvae with 2 or 4 legs, larvae with external gills, adults with long body and tail, legs lost or reduced in some species, adults of some species retain gills, most superficially resemble lizards |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass:tetrapoda
Class:amphibia
Order:apoda
-larvae and adults largely terrestrial/fossorial, no legs – worm-like, body covered in ring-like scales, eyes poorly developed, often brightly colored, limited to tropical forests, polyphyletic group – likely to be split into several classes in near future |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class: repitilia
-virtually all largely covered with ganoid scales, those with legs usually with claws, legs lost in some forms, well developed lungs, most lay amniotic eggs, some give live birth, most poikilothermic |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordata
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class: reptilian
Order:testudines
-major fusion of skeleton and dermal bone, shell derived from multiple components (ribs, spinal column, dermal bone), shell composed of dorsal carapace and ventral plastron, anapsid skull, no teeth, mouth lined with sharp bony material, all lay amniotic egg, some with temperature-dependent sex |
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Term
| tuatara-one species remains |
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Definition
phylum: chordate
Subphylum:vertebrata
superclass:tetrapoda
Class:reptilia
Order:sphenodontina
-lizard-like with dorsal fin-like structures, limited to part of New Zealand, diapsid skull |
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Term
|
Definition
Phylum:chordata
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class:reptilia
Order:squamata
--legs in most lizards (lost in some forms), no legs in snakes, some amniotic egg, others give live birth, diapsid skull
Lizards – 4 legs or legless (in some), closeable eyelids, fused lower jaw
Snakes – all legless, eyes covered by a single transparent scale,
extensible lower jaws |
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Term
| alligators, crocodiles and gavials |
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Definition
Phylum:chordata
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class:reptiia
Order:crocodilia
-large scales (especially on back), head often elongate, temperature-dependent sex, all amniotic egg, diapsid skull, most heterothermic |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class: aves
-front legs modified into wings with reduced and fused finger bones, major fused regions in spinal column, large keel on sternum, mostly hollow bones, scales modified into feathers, mouth surrounded by keratinous beak, no teeth, all amniotic egg, diapsid skull, homeothermic |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class:mammalia
-most with internal development (amniotic egg in monotremes), most with scales modified into hair or fur, all homeothermic, major modifications of skull or legs in some groups, synapsid skull |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:chordata
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass:tetrapoda
Class:mammalia
Cohort:marsupials
-many forms, all with marsupial development |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass:tetrapoda
Class:mammalia
Cohort:placentalia
-many forms, all with placental development |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class: mammalia
Cohort:placentalia
Order: primates
--largely rounded skull, eyes in front of skull, all four tooth groups well to moderately developed, often long legs, most with abundant fur |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass:tetrapoda
Class: mammalia
Cohort:placentalia
Order:lagomorpha
-mostly long hind legs, furry, no canine teeth, 2 pairs of incisors on each jaw, tail short, most with toe pads and claws |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum:chordata
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass:tetrapoda
Class:mammalia
Cohort:placentalia
Order:rodentia
-furry, no canine teeth, 1 pair of incisors on each jaw, tail usually long, many with elongate head, most with toe pads and claws |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass:tetrapoda
Class:mammalia
Cohort:plancentalia
Order:cetacea
--highly modified, hind legs highly reduced and nearly lost, no fur, posterior end with large flukes, front legs modified into flippers, teeth modified with all cone-like in shape, most marine, a few forms in major rivers |
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Term
|
Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum: vertebrata
Superclass:tetrapoda
Class:mammalia
Cohort:placentalia
Order:artiodactyla
-feet modified, 2 or 4 hooves, furry, some with canines lost, others with modified canine teeth, many with horns or antlers, tail usually short |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class: mammalia
Cohort:placentalia
Order: perissodactyla
-feet modified, 1, 3, or 5 hooves, most furry, many with modified canines, some with canines reduced, some with horns, tail usually short |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: chordate
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass: tetrapoda
Class:mammalia
Cohort:placentalia
Order: chiroptera
-font legs modified into wings (especially fingers), all 4 tooth groups sharp, extensive webbing between fingers and legs, some with major modifications to face and ears |
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Term
|
Definition
Phylum:Chordata
Subphylum:vertebrata
Superclass:tetrapoda
Class:mammalia
Cohort:placentalia
Order: carnivore
-All with well-developed canine teeth, most with all 4 tooth groups sharp, all with toe pads and claws |
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