Term
| (04-10) Define hemostasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-10) In vasoconstrition, does blood flow increase or decrease? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-10) What is the second step of hemostasis? |
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Definition
| Platelet aggregation, which forms a platelet plug. |
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Term
| (04-10) What prevents platelets from clotting in a normal blood vessel? |
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Definition
| Endothelial cells produce NO, PG12, and ADPase that prevent platelet aggregation. |
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Term
| (04-10) How do platelets know to clot in a torn vessel? What happens (before coagulation)? |
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Definition
| When subendothelial tissue contacts blood, von Willebrand factor and platelets bind to collagen. Activated platelets cause vasoconstriction and stimulate more aggregation by releasing ADP and thromboxane A2. |
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Term
| (04-10) What happens if you add asprin to blood? |
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Definition
| Aspirin bonds to cycloxigenase I, preventing the change from arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2 |
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Term
| (04-10) What are the steps of the coagulation cascade? |
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Definition
| 1) Intrinsic and extrinsic factors converge in activating Factor X, which activates thrombin. 2) Thrombin activates Factor XIII and converts fibrinogen to loose fibrin 3) Factor XIII crosslinks the fibrin mesh. |
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Term
| (04-10) Where are intrinsic factors? Extrinsic factors? What does the convergence of these factors cause? |
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Definition
| Intrinsic is in the blood, extringic is in the tissue. Convergence caused inactive Factor X (10) to become activated. |
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Term
| (04-10) How is thrombin activated? |
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Definition
| Active Factor X (10) and prothrombin converge. |
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Term
| (04-10) What does thrombin do to encourage coagulation? |
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Definition
| Thrombin converts fibrinogen to loose fibrin and activates Factor XII |
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Term
| (04-10) What does activated Factor XIII do? |
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Definition
| Crosslinks the fibrin mesh from loose fibrin. |
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Term
| (04-10) Define fibrinolysis. |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-10) What does t-PA stand for? What does it do? What happens next in fribinolysis? |
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Definition
| tissue plasminogen activator; endothelial cells release t-PA, which converts plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin then converts the loose fibrin in a clot to fibrinogen. |
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Term
| (04-10) How many autosomes does a human have? Sex chromosomes? |
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Definition
| 44 autosomes, two sex chromosomes |
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Term
| (04-10) On what chromosome is the von Willebrand factor gene? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-10) What happens if you have one bad copy of chromosome 12? Two bad copies? |
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Definition
| Nothing; von Willebrand factor deficiency. |
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Term
| (04-10) What is the most common clotting disorder? |
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Definition
| von Willebrand deficiency |
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Term
| (04-10) What percent of hemophiliacs have Hemophilia A? B? C? |
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Definition
| 80%, 20%, then so very rare. |
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Term
| (04-10) How is hemophilia A passed down? Hemophilia B? Hemopphilia C? |
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Definition
| X-linked recessive; X-linked recessive; Autosomal |
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Term
| (04-10) What blood factor is affected in Hemophilia A? B? C? |
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Definition
| Factor VIII; Factor IX; Factor XI |
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Term
| (04-10) What is a common clotting disorder caused by a cofactor deficiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-10) What condition is also known as the "economy class syndrome"? Why? |
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Definition
| Thrombosis; it is caused by keeping still too long. |
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Term
| (04-10) What is the death rate of deep vein thrombosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-10) Name the four main anticoagulants. |
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Definition
| Warfarin, heparin, hirudin, draculin |
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Term
| (04-10) What does warfarin do? |
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Definition
| Acts as an antagonist for vitamin K |
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Term
| (04-10) What is the prescription name for warfarin? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-10) What does heparin do? |
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Definition
| Anticoagulant that blocks thrombin. It is released by mast cell granules. |
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Term
| (04-10) What does hirudin do? Where is it found naturally? |
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Definition
| Anticoagulant that blocks thrombin. It is found in the saliva of leeches. |
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Term
| (04-10) What does draculin do? Where is it found naturally? |
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Definition
| Anticoagulant that inhibits Factors IX and X. Found in the saliva of vampire bats. |
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