Term
| (04-08) How does a red blood cell look on a blood smear (what's the defining characteristic)? |
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Definition
| Lighter in the center due to its concavity. |
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Term
| (04-08) How does a leukocyte look on a blood smear? |
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Definition
| Much larger cell, obvious nucleus shape |
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Term
| (04-08) What does a thrombocyte look like on a blood smear? |
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Definition
| Small bits of cell matter |
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Term
| (04-08) What are the types of leukocytes? |
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Definition
| Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils |
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Term
| (04-08) How many erythocytes are found per mL of blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) What is the beginning material of every blood cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) What is AML? What does it do? |
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Definition
| Acute myeloid leukemia; it produces an excess of lymphocytes |
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Term
| (04-08) What are the two primary divisions of a blood stem cell? |
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Definition
| Myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells |
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Term
| (04-08) What is the pathway of an erythrocyte? |
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Definition
| Go to the lungs, release carbon dioxide, pick up oxygen, travel systemically, release oxygen, pick up carbon dioxide, go back to lungs. |
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Term
| (04-08) What is the shape on an erythrocyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) Is an erythrocyte a true cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) What makes makes an erythrocyte flexible? Why is this important? |
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Definition
| Spectrin; it helps with easy travel |
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Term
| (04-08) Does water hold a lot or a little O2? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) How much O2 is in H2O/plasma in a 70 kg person? |
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Definition
| (70 kg)(80 mL/kg)=5,600 mL of blood=5.6 L of blood -- (5.6 L)(3 mL O2/L of blood)=16.8 mL of O2 |
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Term
| (04-08) How much O2 can be carried in hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) How much O2 is in one gram of hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) What are the normal ranges of hemoglobin |
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Definition
| Men: 14-18 g/dL; Women:12-15 g/dL; Pregnant women: 11-12 g/dL; Children: 11-16 g/dL |
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Term
| (04-08) How many dL are in one L? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) How much O2 is on hemoglobin (Hb) in a 70 kg person? |
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Definition
| (70kg)(60 mLblood/kg)=5,600 mL of blood=5.6L of blood -- (5.6 L of blood)(150 g of Hb/L of blood)(1.3 mL O2/g of Hb)=1,092 mL O2 |
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Term
| (04-08) How do you calculate the total concentration of O2 in a person's blood? |
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Definition
| [Total O2]=[O2 in plasma]+[O2 in hemoglobin] |
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Term
| (04-08) How many grams of hemoglobin is in one L of blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) How many RBCs are created per second? |
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Definition
| 2 million-3 million cells/second |
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Term
| (04-08) What initiates the birth of a red blood cell? |
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Definition
| The kidney senses low oxygen |
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Term
| (04-08) What is the life cycle of a RBC? (Initiation through death) |
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Definition
| 1) Kidney secretes EPO in response to low oxygen 2) EPO stimulates RBC production in bone marrow 3) RBC lives 120 days in the blood 4) Blood travels through the spleen, where macrophages eat the old RBCs |
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Term
| (04-08) You eat a steak. Where does the iron go? |
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Definition
| Iron is absorbed through the small intestine, and T-Iron (transferrin) picks it up. It will either go to the bone marrow to become hemoglobin or to the liver to become F-Iron (ferritin) for storage. |
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Term
| (04-08) You eat a steak. Where does the iron go? |
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Definition
| Iron is absorbed through the small intestine, and T-Iron (transferrin) picks it up. It will either go to the bone marrow to become hemoglobin or to the liver to become F-Iron (ferritin) for storage. |
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Term
| (04-08) What happens to dead cell parts? |
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Definition
| Alpha- and beta-globulins are recycled to amino acids; iron in the hemoglobin is picked up by transferrin; opened hemoglobin is stored as bilirubin |
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Term
| (04-08) What are the two chemical characteristics of bilirubin? |
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Definition
| Unconjugated, poorly soluble in water |
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Term
| (04-08) What happens to bilirubin? Why? |
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Definition
| It is transported to the liver and to glucaronic acid. This makes an unconjugated molecule conjugated -- more soluble in water. |
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Term
| (04-08) What happens to glucaronic acid? |
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Definition
| It travels to the small intestine and becomes urobilinogen, which is then excreted as feces and urine. |
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Term
| (04-08) What disease is caused by a bilirubin defect? |
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Definition
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Term
| (04-08) What are the three types of jaundice? |
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Definition
| Pre-hepatic (excess hemolysis overwhelms the liver; ^^ unconjugated bilirubin); Hepatic (liver damage leads to compromised uptake and excretion; ^^ unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin); Post-hepatic (bile duct obstruction; ^^ conjugated bilirubin) |
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Term
| (04-08) How do you treat jaundice in newborns? |
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Definition
| Put them in UV light -- sunlight! |
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