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Zarbo Radiology test 2
study guide
138
Dentistry
Not Applicable
10/25/2013

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Term
Radiographs are a (?) comprehensive patient care
Definition
necessary component of
Term
Through the use of dental radiographs, the dental radiographer can detect (?) that cannot be detected clinically
Definition
Diseases, leisons, conditions of teeth and bones
Term
A dental radiographer in most states is required to...
Definition
have state certification or licensure
Term
Assigned responsibilities of dental auxiliaries in regard to dental radiography may include the:
Definition
mounting and identification of radiographs, implementation and monitoring of quality control procedures, education of patients about dental radiography
Term
The end goal of the dental radiographer should be:
Definition
take quality radiographs
Term
Extraoral films differ from intraoral in that the extraoral film:
Definition
the film is outside the patients mouth or head
Term
Intraoral films include all except:
Definition
Cephalometric
Term
Which one of the following reduces operator exposure to radiation?
Definition
Distance
Term
All of the following reduce patient exposure to radiation except:
Definition
positioning
Term
Which one of the following is used to restrict the size of the x-ray beam?
Definition
collimation
Term
The most effective way to monitor the accumulated radiation exposure to yourself in a dental office is to:
Definition
Wear a film badge at all times while working
Term
The dental health -care worker should not hold the:
Definition
Film during exposure, PID during exposure, Patient during exposure
Term
Which of the following terms describes the dose of radiation that the body can endure with little or no chance of injury?
Definition
Maximum permissable dose
Term
The main responsibility of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) is:
Definition
Define occupational radiation exposure limits
Term
The one major source of scatter radiation which can be controlled by the operator of dental radiographic equipment is:
Definition
To eliminate the use of pointed cones
Term
You have been put in charge of radiographs in the dental office you are employed in. From a patients radiation safety point of view, which of the following recommendations would you make to your employer?
Definition
Use the "f" speed film
Term
Which of the following describes the use of a filter in a dental x-ray tubehead?
Definition
a filter removes low energy x-rays
Term
Which of the following is true of film badges?
Definition
film badges should be worn when the radiographer is undergoing x-ray exposure
Term
The ALARA concept states that all radiation must be kept:
Definition
As low as reasonably achievable
Term
Which of the following types of position-indicating devices (PIDs) do not produce scatter radiation?
Definition
Rectangular, Round
Term
Radiation legislation varies greatly from state to state. For example, in some states a dental radiographer must successfully complete a radiation safety examination before he or she may expose dental x-rays
Definition
Both statements are true
Term
According to current reccomendations (2003) of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, the current MPD for occupationally exposed persons is (?) per year
Definition
50 rem
Term
It is desirable that radiographs be identified with each of the following pieces of information, but it is critical that they be labeled with the:
Definition
Patient's name and date of exposure
Term
A film mount may be made of:
Definition
Cardboard, plastic, vinyl
Term
In the labial mounting method, radiographs are placed in the film mount with the (?) side of the identification dot facing the viewer. They are then viewed from the (?) aspect.
Definition
Raised; labial
Term
Suggestions for mounting radiographs include mounting bite-wing radiographs with the curve of Spee directed (?) toward the distal.
Definition
Upward
Term
Mandibular molars have (?) roots
Definition
two
Term
The un-sharpness or blurred edges seen on a radiographic image is termed:
Definition
penumbra
Term
Which of the following would minimize the size of the penumbra?
Definition
a small focal spot
Term
The geometric characteristic of (?) refers to the capability of the x-ray film to reproduce the distinct outlines of an object.
Definition
sharpness
Term
Image sharpness on a radiograph is increased by:
Definition
using a small focal spot
Term
Distortion is caused when:
Definition
the object and film are not parallel
Term
Elongation and foreshortening occur because:
Definition
the film and x-ray beam are not perpendicular
Term
Magnification occurs when there is a:
Definition
short target-film distance
Term
Which of the following does not control magnification of the radiographed object:
Definition
size of the x-ray unit
Term
What is the effect on the image if the film is not parallel to the long axis of the tooth?
Definition
distortion, magnification
Term
A long film focal distance is desirable because:
Definition
the central rays of the primary beam are less divergent
Term
If the operator decreases the object-film distance, increased magnification occurs.
Definition
False
Term
An x-ray beam that is not perpendicular to the object and film, increased distortion occurs.
Definition
True
Term
If the object and film are parallel then increased distortion occurs.
Definition
False
Term
An increased target-film distance decreases magnification
Definition
True
Term
An x-ray beam perpendicular to the object and film increases distortion
Definition
False
Term
Which of the following are advantages of the paralleling technique?
Definition
increased accuracy, simplicity of use, ease of duplication
Term
Which of the following is incorrect concerning the exposure sequence for periapical films?
Definition
either anterior or posterior films may be exposed first
Term
Why is an increased target-film distance required in the paralleling technique?
Definition
to avoid image magnification
Term
Which of the following describes the relationship of the film and the long axis of the tooth in the paralleling technique?
Definition
the film and tooth are parallel to each other
Term
The advantages of the paralleling technique outweigh the disadvantages.
Definition
true
Term
Which of the following is correct concerning film placement?
Definition
anterior films are placed vertically, posterior films are placed horizontally
Term
Which of the following describes the relationship of the central ray to the film in the paralleling technique?
Definition
90 degrees to the film and long axis of the tooth
Term
Which of the following is the correct vertical angulation used with the bite-wing technique?
Definition
+10 degrees
Term
Which of the following describes the relationship of the film to the maxillary and mandibular teeth in the bite-wing technique?
Definition
the film and teeth are parallel to each other
Term
Which of the following is correct concerning film placement?
Definition
anterior bite-wings may be placed vertically, posterior bite-wings may be placed horizontally, posterior bite-wings may be placed vertically
Term
Which of the following describes the primary use of the bite-wing radiograph?
Definition
examination of the interproximal areas of teeth
Term
Which of the following describes the proper direction of the central ray in the bisecting technique?
Definition
90 degrees to the imaginary bisector
Term
Which of the following are advantages of the bisecting technique?
Definition
shorter exposure time
Term
The disadvantages of the bisecting technique outweigh the advantages.
Definition
True
Term
Which of the following describes the distance between the film and the tooth in the bisecting technique?
Definition
the film is placed as close as possible to the tooth
Term
The occlusal technique is used to examine:
Definition
Large areas of the upper or lower jaw
Term
When the occlusal technique is used, a (?) to stabilize the film.
Definition
patient gently bites on the surface of the film
Term
Which of the following is a mandibular occlusal projection, but not a maxillary occlusal projection?
Definition
Cross-sectional occlusal projection
Term
Which occlusal projection is used to examine the palate and the anterior teeth of the maxilla?
Definition
Topographic occlusal projection
Term
Which occlusal projection is used to locate foreign bodies or salivary stones in the region of the floor of the mouth?
Definition
Cross-sectional occlusal projection
Term
The bite-wing tab is a heavy paperboard tab or loop fitted around a film and used to stabilize the film during exposure. The film is oriented in the bite loop so that the tab portion extends from the white side (tube side) of the film.
Definition
Both statements are true
Term
The problem with a single bite-wing film per side (#3 film) for adult patients is increased:
Definition
Overlapped contacts
Term
The rule of isometry states that two triangles are equal if they have (?) equal angles and share a common side.
Definition
two
Term
An increased (?) film distance results in increased image magnification.
Definition
object-film
Term
Which of the following film holders include aiming rings that aid in the alignment of the position-indicating device (PID) with the film?
Definition
Rinn XCP instruments
Term
Which of these is NOT and intraoral radiograph?
Definition
panoramic
Term
Which radiograph is used most often to detect proximal surface dental decay?
Definition
bite-wing
Term
Which intraoral technique satisfies more shadowcasting principles?
Definition
Paralleling
Term
Which intraoral technique is based on the rule of isometry?
Definition
bisecting
Term
Which one is not a shadowcasting principle?
Definition
Object and image receptor should be perpendicular to each other
Term
Which of these factors does NOT need to be considered when deciding which image receptor size to use when exposing a full mouth series?
Definition
Previous accumulated exposure
Term
What is the minimum image receptor requirement for an adult full mouth series of periapical radiographs?
Definition
14
Term
How many size #2 image receptors are required by most health care practices for the exposure of posterior radiographs of a full mouth series?
Definition
8
Term
Lining the image receptor up behind the right and left central lateral incisors to include the mesial half of the right and left canines describes the image receptor placement for which of the following periapical radiographs?
Definition
Central incisors
Term
Anterior periapical image receptors are placed (?) in the oral cavity. Posterior periapical image receptors are placed (?) in the oral cavity
Definition
vertically; horizontally
Term
Where should the embossed identification dot be positioned when taking periapical radiographs?
Definition
Toward the incisal or occlusal edge of the tooth
Term
The x-ray tube head must be swiveled from side to side to adjust the vertical angulation of the central ray.
To avoid overlap error the central ray must be directed perpendicular to the curvature of the arch through the contact points of the teeth
Definition
The first statement is false. The second statement is true
Term
At which of the following settings would the PID be pointing to the floor?
Definition
+20
Term
An incorrect point of entry will result in
Definition
conecutting
Term
An image receptor positioner/holder must be used with
Definition
the paralleling technique, the bisecting technique, the bite-wing technique
Term
Which of the following is the correct seating position for the patient during radiographic examinations when an image receptor without an external aiming device is used?
Definition
Occlusal plane parallel and midsaggital plane perpendicular to the floor
Term
Which of the following is the best sequencing for exposing a full mouth series of periapical radiographs?
Definition
Maxillary anteriors, mandibular anteriors, maxillary posteriors, mandibular posteriors
Term
What shadow casting principle is NOT likely to be met when utilizing the paralleling technique?
Definition
Radiation should strike the object (tooth) and image receptor perpendicularly
Term
To compensate for the increased object-image receptor distance needed to achieve parallelism, the target-image receptor distance should be
Definition
increased
Term
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the paralleling technique?
Definition
Easy technique for children
Term
The most important reason for using a holder when utilizing the paralleling technique is to stabilize the image receptor in a position
Definition
parallel to the teeth
Term
Film holders designed for use with the paralleling technique should have a
Definition
long biteblock and L-shaped backing
Term
Which of the following is an example of a holder that can be used with both the paralleling and the bisecting techniques?
Definition
SUPA
Term
Each of the following is a part of the assembled XCP holder EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
Definition
105-degree angled backing
Term
Lining the image receptor up behind the distal half of the canine to include the first and second premolars and mesial half of the first molar describes the placement for which of the following periapical radiographs?
Definition
Premolar
Term
To determine the horizontal angulation for the maxillary molar periapical radiograph, the central rays of the x-ray beam should be directed at the image receptor perpendicularly through the embrasures of the
Definition
first and second molars
Term
To determine the horizontal angulation for the mandibular premolar periapical radiograph, the central rays of the x-ray beam should be directed at the image receptor perpendicularly through the embrasures of the
Definition
first and second premolars
Term
Directing the central rays perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor and perpendicular to the long axes of the teeth describes which step of the paralleling technique?
Definition
vertical angulation
Term
Cutting off the root apex portion of the image on a periapical radiograph results from
Definition
inadequate vertical angulation
Term
The bisecting technique satisfies more shadow casting rules than the paralleling technique. A better image results when the shadow casting rules are followed.
Definition
The first statement is false. The second is true.
Term
What shadow casting principle is most likely to be met when utilizing the bisecting technique?
Definition
Object (tooth) and image receptor should be as close as possible to each other.
Term
What term describes the imaginary line between the long axis of the tooth and the plane of the image receptor?
Definition
bisector
Term
When utilizing the bisecting technique, the image receptor is placed
Definition
as close as possible to the tooth
Term
When utilizing the bisecting technique, the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed
Definition
perpendicular to the bisector
Term
Which of these target-image receptor distances is recommended for use with the bisecting technique?
Definition
8 in. (20.5 cm)
Term
Each of the following is a disadvantage of the bisecting technique EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Definition
May not be used with children or adults with small oral cavities.
Term
Image receptor holders designed for use with the bisecting technique should have a
Definition
short biteblock and 105 backing
Term
Which of the following is NOT an image receptor holder that can be used with the bisecting technique?
Definition
XCP
Term
Lining the image receptor up behind the distal half of the second premolar to include the first, second, and third molars describes the placement for which of the following periapical radiographs?
Definition
Molar
Term
To determine the horizontal angulation for the mandibular premolar periapical radiograph, the central rays of the x-ray beam should be directed at the image receptor perpendicularly through the embrasures of the
Definition
first and second premolars
Term
When utilizing the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angle setting for the maxillary premolar periapical radiograph is
Definition
+30 degrees
Term
When utilizing the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angle setting for the mandibular canine periapical radiograph is
Definition
-20 degrees
Term
With the bisecting technique, what is the effect on the radiographic image if the vertical angulation is significantly greater than necessary?
Definition
Foreshortening
Term
Elongation results from
Definition
Inadequate vertical angulation
Term
Which of the following is the suggested point of entry for directing the central ray of the x-ray beam when exposing the maxillary incisors radiograph using the bisecting technique?
Definition
The tip of the nose
Term
Which of the following points 1 in. (2.5 cm) above the lower border of the mandible is the suggested landmark for directing the central ray of the x-ray beam when exposing the mandibular premolar radiograph using the bisecting technique?
Definition
Directly inferior to the pupil of the eye
Term
Which of these conditions would NOT be visible on a bitewing radiograph?
Definition
Apical abscess
Term
How many standard-sized #2 image receptors are recommended for a posterior horizontal bitewing survey of an adult patient?
Definition
4
Term
In which of the following situations would using a size #3 image receptor be acceptable?
Definition
Horizontal bitewings on an adult patient for caries detection
Term
In which of the following conditions would vertical bitewing radiographs be recommended over horizontal bitewing radiographs?
Definition
Adult with periodontal disease
Term
Which size image receptor is used, and how is it positioned for exposure of ananterior bitewing radiograph of a small and narrow adult arch ?
Definition
Size #1 placed vertically
Term
When taking a premolar horizontal bitewing radiograph, the anterior edge of the image receptor should be positioned behind the distal edge of the maxillary canine when pressed with which occlusal relationship?
Definition
Class II
Term
When taking a set of eight vertical bitewing radiographs, which of the following should be exposed first?
Definition
Right canine bitewing
Term
Which of the following best fits this description: "Disposable, may be used for placing both horizontal and vertical bitewings, and provides increased imaging of the alveolar bone"?
Definition
Stick-on bitetabs
Term
An error in which of these results in overlapping?
Definition
Horizontal angulation
Term
What is the approximate vertical angulation for adult bitewing radiographs?
Definition
+10 degrees
Term
An error in vertical angulation will result in
Definition
unequal distribution of the arches
Term
The image receptor placement for an adult horizontal molar bitewing is to align the receptor so that the
Definition
anterior portion of the receptor lines up behind the distal half of the second premolar.
Term
The image receptor placement for an adult vertical premolar bitewing is to align the receptor so that the
Definition
anterior portion of the receptor lines up behind the distal half of the canine.
Term
Through which interproximal space should the central ray of the x-ray beam be perpendicularly directed when exposing a molar bitewing on a child with primary teeth?
Definition
Between the first and second molars
Term
Through which interproximal space should the central ray of the x-ray beam be perpendicularly directed when exposing a premolar bitewing on an adolescent with permanent teeth?
Definition
Between the first and second premolars
Term
Each of the following is an indication for exposing occlusal radiographs EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Definition
Evaluate periodontal disease
Term
Which of the following will a mandibular cross-sectional occlusal radiograph best image?
Definition
Sublingual swelling
Term
Which of these sizes is known as the occlusal image receptor?
Definition
#4
Term
The image receptor should be placed with the long dimension along the midline (front to back) for which of these occlusal radiographs?
Definition
Maxillary topographical posterior
Term
Where should the embossed dot be positioned when placing an occlusal film packet intraorally?
Definition
Toward the anterior
Term
The ideal patient head position when exposing a maxillary topographical occlusal radiograph is to position the occlusal plane (?) to the plane of the floor and the midsaggital plane (?)
Definition
parallel; perpendicular
Term
The ideal patient head position when exposing a mandibular cross-sectional occlusal radiograph is to position the head rest so that the chin is tipped (?) and the occlusal plane is (?) to the plane of the floor
Definition
up; perpendicular
Term
Assuming that the patient's head is in the correct vertical angulation setting for a maxillary anterior topographical occlusal radiograph?
Definition
+65 degrees
Term
Assuming that the patient's head is in the correct position, which of the following is the correct vertical angulation setting for a mandibular cross-sectional occlusal radiograph?
Definition
0 degrees
Term
What is the point of entry for correctly exposing a posterior mandible topographical occlusal radiograph?
Definition
A point on the inferior border of the mandible directly below the second mandibular premolar
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