Term
| What is the posterior pituitary controlled by? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the anterior pituitary controlled by? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for TSH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes thyroglobulin? |
|
Definition
| Follicle cells in the Thyroid Gland |
|
|
Term
| What cells do thyroid hormes affect? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of released thyroid cells? |
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Definition
| Strong, immediate, and short-lived increase in cellular metabolism rate. |
|
|
Term
| What do C, clear, cells produce? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is calcitonin's function? |
|
Definition
| To increase calcium bone absorption. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 effects of PTH? |
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Definition
1. To stimulate osteoclasts
2. inhibit osteoblasts
3. urinary loss of calcium
4. stimulates formation of calcitrol |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary regulators of blood calcium levels in adults? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the adrenal cortex sectrete? |
|
Definition
| Steroids, mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids. |
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Term
| What is an example of mineralcorticoids |
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Definition
| aldosterone, conserves sodium levlels |
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Term
| What is a negative side affect of glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
| It lowers white blood cell activity. |
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Term
| What does the zona reticularis produce? |
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Definition
| androgens when under stimulation by ACTH. |
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Term
| What are three functions of the pineal gland? |
|
Definition
1. inhibit reproductive functions
2. protects against free radicals
3. circadian rhythms |
|
|
Term
| What hormones are bound directly? |
|
Definition
Steroid - diffussion
Thyroid Hormones - mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| What hormones are bound indirectly? |
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Definition
| E, NE, dopamine, peptide hormones, eicosanoids |
|
|
Term
| Does FSH stimulate estrogen production? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for growth hormone? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the two mechanisms that GH works? |
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Definition
1. Liver responds to GH by releasing IGH - almost immediately rate of amino acid uptake increases.
2. Stimulates stem cell divisions, breakdown of stored triglycerides - glucose sparing effect, and blood sugar levels rise when liver breaks down glucose. |
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Term
| What is another name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the neurohypophysis contain axons of hypothalamic neurons that are myelinated or unmyelinated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the release of ADH inhibited or increased with the consuption of alcohol? |
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Definition
| Inhibited - you urinate more. |
|
|
Term
| What are the mediator molecules for the nervous system? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the mediator molecules for the endocrine system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the sites of the mediator action in the nervous system? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the sites of mediator actions in the endocrine system? |
|
Definition
| Far away from the site of release |
|
|
Term
| What are target cells of the nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Muscle cells, gland cells, and neurons |
|
|
Term
| What are the target cells of the endocrine system? |
|
Definition
| virtually all body cells. |
|
|
Term
| Does the nervous system or the endrocrine system respond faster? |
|
Definition
| The nervous system responds faster - within minutes. |
|
|
Term
| What is the endocrine and nervous system's common goal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition: Portal System |
|
Definition
| blood vessels that link 2 capillary networks: example - hypophyseal portal system |
|
|
Term
| Where do the adrenal glands lie? |
|
Definition
| Along the superior border of each kidney. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the pancreas located? |
|
Definition
| between the inferior border of the stomach and prixmal portion of small intestine. |
|
|
Term
| Does the pacreas contain exocrine or endocrine cells? |
|
Definition
| Both! islets of Langerhands / digestive enzyme delivers to duodenum |
|
|
Term
| What do alpha cells make? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hormone is insulin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 effects of insulin? |
|
Definition
1. increase glucose uptake
2. increase glucose utilization / ATP production
3. stimulate glycogen formation
4. stimulate amino acid absorption / protein synthesis
5. increase triglyceride formation in adipose. |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 effects of glucagons? |
|
Definition
1. breakdown of glycogen
2. breakdown tryiglycerides in adipose
3. increase production of glucose in liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stalk that connects the pituitary to the brain |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Posterior pituitary |
|
Definition
| extension of the neural tissue |
|
|
Term
| Definition: anterior pituitary |
|
Definition
| endocrine gland of epithelial origin. |
|
|
Term
| What does erythropoetin stimulate? |
|
Definition
| The production of red blood cells by bone marrow. |
|
|
Term
| When does renin become released? |
|
Definition
| When blood pressure or volume is low. |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for GAS (General Adaption Syndrome) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ does the GAS stimulate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three phases of GAS? |
|
Definition
1. Alarm Phase
2. Resistance Phase
3. Exhaustion Phase |
|
|
Term
| What are the three phases of GAS? |
|
Definition
1. Alarm Phase
2. Resistance Phase
3. Exhaustion Phase |
|
|
Term
| What hormones are involved in the resistance phase? |
|
Definition
1. GH
2. glucocorticoids
3. adrenocorticotropic hormone
4. aldosterone
5. ADH |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of the exhaustion phase? |
|
Definition
1. exhaustion of lipid reserves
2. inability to produce glucocorticoids
3. failure of electrolyte balance
4. damage to vital organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organs that produce gametes and hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they receive and transport gametes |
|
|
Term
| Definition: accessory glands |
|
Definition
| secrete fluids into ducts |
|
|
Term
| definition: perinieal structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many gametes do females produce each month? Males? |
|
Definition
Females: 1/month
Males: .5 billion/month |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During the seventh month of life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the sperm and testosterone are produced |
|
|
Term
| Definition: seminal vesicles |
|
Definition
| adds fluids that make up semen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition: prostate gland |
|
Definition
| adds fluids that make up sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tube that carries urine and semen out of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tube that carries urine and semen out of the body |
|
|
Term
| definition: cowper's gland |
|
Definition
| secretes fluids that make up semen and lubricates the urethra |
|
|
Term
| What is the path of sperm? |
|
Definition
1. testis
2. epididymis
3. ductus deferens
4. ejaculatory duct
5. urethra |
|
|
Term
| What tissue surrounds the urethra in the penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissue type contributes to erection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the dartos muscle for? |
|
Definition
| It wrinkles the scrotal surface |
|
|
Term
| What is the cremaster muscle for? |
|
Definition
| It pulls the testes closer to the body. |
|
|
Term
| Is the testes required temp lower or higher than the regular body temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOw long is each seminiferous tubule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the inguinal canals? |
|
Definition
| passageways through the abdominal musculature - a common place for Male INguinal Hernias to develop |
|
|
Term
| What does the spermatic cord enclose? |
|
Definition
| ductus deferenes, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels of testes. |
|
|
Term
| where is the bulbourethral gland located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the bulbourethral gland do? |
|
Definition
neutralizes urinary acids in urethra
lubricate the glans |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes does a primary spermatocyte have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes does a secondary spermatocyte have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is oocyte maturation directed by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is fillicle maturation directed by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ovulation triggered by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does corpus leteum make? |
|
Definition
| estrogen, progesterone, inhibin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates the corpus luteum to survive and grow. |
|
|
Term
| What hormone stimulates the secretory phase of the uterine cycle? |
|
Definition
|
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