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The common meaning classes of the subjunctive
and many impersonal expressions |
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| preferir, querer, desear, dudar, negar, es importante |
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| Verbs of desire: desear, preferir, querer |
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Prefiero que Ines me devuelva (s) el diner - I prefer that Ines return the money to me
Jorge quiere que Emilia haga (s) la tarea - Jorge wants Emilia do do the homework
Matilde desea que Gaspar mire (s) la televisión menos - Matilde wants Gaspar to look at the TV less |
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| Verbs of command: aconsejar (to advise), exigir (demand), mandar (to order), pedir (to request), preferir (to prefer), recomendar (to recommend), rogar (to pray, to beg), sugerir (to suggest) |
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Le mando a Carlos que regrese (s) a casa - I order Carlos to return home
Les mando a mis amigos que canten (s) una canción |
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| Verbs of Emotion: alegrarse (de) (to be glad), esperar (to hope), lamentar (to regret), sentir (to regret), temer (to fear) |
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Temo que Roberto no llegue (s) a tiempo - I fear that Roberto may not arrive on time
Teresa siente que Ricardo no esté (s) aquí - Teresa regrets that Ricardo isn't here |
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| Verbs of doubt and Denial: no creer, (not to believe), dudar (to doubt), no estar convencido de que (not to be convinced), no estar seguro/a de que (not to be sure), negar (to deny), no pensar (not to think) |
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Dudo que Tomas venga (s) - I doubt that Tomas is coming
Esmeralda niega que él sea (s) generoso - Esmeralda denies that he is generous |
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Grammar note!!!
With the affirmative version of verbs of doubt, you use the indicative because you are asserting a fact |
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Creo que mis amigos son simpáticos - I believe that my friends are nice
EStoy seguro/a de que hace viento - I am sure that it is windy
Pienso que Amparao está cansada - I think that Amparo is tired
Estoy convencido/a de que tienes razón - I am convinced that you are right |
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Es importante que Silvia trabaje (s) más - It is important that Silvia work more
Es fácil que Raul sepa (s) la verdad - It is likely that Raul knows the truth |
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| The indicative is used when expressions introduce information that is factual |
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Es verdad que Claudia habla español
Es obvio que Jose está aquí
Es cierto que Pilar sabe mucho
Es evidente que hay un problema |
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| In the negative, factual expression use the subjunctive |
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No es verdad que Claudia hable español
No es obvio que Jose esté aquí
No es cierto que Pilar sepa mucho
No es evidente que haya un problema |
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Tip!!!
When you use the verbs from the different "meaning classes" or groups, you must always use a word that connects the main clause with the subordinate clause (que) |
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Dudo que vaya a llover (I doubt that it is going to rain)
Es posible que Blanca lea el libro ( It is possible that Blanca is reading the book)
No creo que él venga (I don't think (that) he's coming) |
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| Conjunctions of time: Adverbs take the subjunctive when the time referred to has not yet taken place: |
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él vendrá cuando pueda ( He will come when he ran)
En cuanto haga buen tiempo, iré a la playa (As soon as the weather is nice, I will go to the beach) |
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Grammar note!
When when is used about a regularly occurring activity, use the indicative. ("whenever) |
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| Cuando Mauricio enseña, él habla en voz alta ( When Mauricio teaches, he speaks in a loud voice) |
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| Aunque (even if/although/even though) uses the subjunctive when the action of the verb has not yet occurred |
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| Aunque Sofia llegue tarde, iremos al cine (Even though Sofia may arrive late, we will go to the movies) |
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A menos que vayas a clase, no puedes aprender (Unless you go to class, you can't learn)
Para que ganes más, debes buscar otro empleo - In order for you to earn more, you ought to look for anotherjob
Para que ganes más debes buscar otro empleo (In order for you to earn more, you ought to look for another job) |
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| Tal vez ellos sean simpáticos |
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| I hope that it doesn't rain |
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| Hay (present subjunctive) |
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Haya - there is, there are, there may be
I fear that there is an exam - Temo que haya un examen
I hope that there aren't many chores
Espero que no haya muchas tareas |
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Haya que
I doubt that it is necessary to go to San Salvador
Dudo qye haya que ir a San Salvador |
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