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| What are the unique properties of nanomaterials |
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Definition
| Fluorescence, Paramagnitivity, Catalytic Property |
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Definition
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| frequency equal to the frequency of the photon which would cause a transition between the two energy levels of the spin. (x,y) |
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Definition
| T1 is the time to reduce the difference between the longitudinal magnetization (MZ) and its equilibrium value by a factor of e |
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Definition
| T2 is always less than or equal to T1. The net magnetization in the XY plane goes to zero and then the longitudinal magnetization grows in until we have Mo along Z. |
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Definition
T1-weighting causes fiber tracts (nerve connections, i.e. white matter) to appear white,
congregations of neurons (i.e. gray matter) to appear gray andcerebrospinal fluidtoappeardarkgray, and cerebrospinal fluidto appear dark. |
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Definition
| In a T2-weighted image, the contrast of "white matter," g g"gray matter'" and "cerebrospinal fluid" is reversed |
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Definition
Chelation is the formPFCation or presence of two or more separate bindings between a polydentate ligand and a single central atom. [1] Usually these ligands are organic compounds, and are called chelants, chelators, chelating agents, or sequestering agents.
The ligand forms a chelate complex with the substrate. Chelate complexes are contrasted with coordination complexes with monodentate ligands, which form only one bond with the central atom.
Chelants, according to ASTM-A-380, are "chemicals that form soluble, complex molecules with certain metal ions, inactivating the ions so that they cannot normally react with other elements or ions to produce precipitates or scale." |
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Definition
This water molecule interact/exchange with the gadolinium chelateWithout this interaction Gd-DTPA cannot create an MRI contrast
A completely chelated Gd is useless as an MRI contrast agent
Less chelation is better for contrast, but no for toxicity |
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Term
| Why Iron Oxide Nanoparticles? |
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Definition
They are superparamagnetic
They are not magnetic until they are in the presence of an external magnetic field (external magnet)
The induced nanoparticle magnetic field affects the NMR/MRI signal of neighboring water molecules
H20.
They are biodegradable and non-toxic |
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Term
| Absorption Coefficient of Light in Tissue |
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Definition
| Decreases with wavelength. (purple=most, red=least) |
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Term
| Gold chemical and catalytic properties |
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Definition
| Gold nanospheres/nanorods have a high affinity for thiol containing molecules and polymers |
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| Iron Oxide chemical and catalytic properties |
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Definition
Iron oxide nanospheres/nanorods have a high affinity for carboxylated molecules and polymers
Iron oxide nanospheres/nanorods also bind molecules containg hydroxyl groups and hydroxylated polymers. |
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Definition
One can entrap molecules (dyes, drugs) within polymeric cavities.
Caution! (fluorophore quenching) |
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Definition
Xray CT uses ionizing Xray radiation and it is good for dense tissues (bone, coins and nails)
MRI uses radiofrequency signals and a magnetic field and it is good for soft, non-calcified tissues (muscle, cartilages, and Kiwi) |
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Term
| Size of polymer coating is important |
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Definition
| Nanoparticles coated with the 500 K dextran gives the best |
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Term
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Definition
Breaking things into nano sized particles
Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems
BioMEMS
Microarrays and nanoarrays
Dip Pen Nanolithography for nanoarrays
Protein nanoarrays
Microfluidics and nanofluidics
Nanotechnology on a chip
Microfluidic chips for nanoliter volumes
Nanogen's NanoChip
L.2 |
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Definition
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Definition
Building nano particles from the molecule up
Nanoparticles
Quantum dots (Qdots)
Gold nanoparticles
Silica nanoparticles
Paramagnetic and superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Fluorescent nanoparticles
Nanostructures
Nanoshells
Nanotubes
Polymer nanofibers
Nanowires
Fullerenes
Dendrimers
Nanorods
Nanoneedles
L.2 |
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Term
| Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery |
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Definition
Viruses as nanomaterials for drug delivery
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery
Gold nanoparticles as drug carriers
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles
Cyclodextrin nanoparticles for drug delivery
Dendrimers for drug delivery
Fullerene conjugate for intracellular delivery of peptides
Polymer nanoparticles
Ceramic nanoparticles
Liposomes
Nanotubes
Lipid-protein nanotubes for drug delivery
Carbon nanotubes for drug delivery
L.2 |
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Term
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Definition
between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers
different properties and manipulation of these particles
L.1 |
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Term
| Nanotechnology vs. Nanobiotechnology |
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Definition
Nanotechnology is the creation and utilization of materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale (a nanometer is one billionth of a meter.
Nanobiotechnology, an integration of physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, chemistry and biotechnology holds considerable promise of advances in pharmaceuticals and healthcare.
L.1 |
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Term
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Definition
1. A laser beam writes circuit pattern for a microchip on a layer of light sensitive polymer that rests on a layer of chromium and a glass substrate. polymer struck by laser is removed.
2. Exsposed chromium is also removed, the rest of the polymer is dissolved.
3. UV light is directed at mask. Light passes through gaps in chromium as a lens shrinks the pattern by focusing the light onto a layer of photoresist on a silicon wafer
4. Exposed parts of photoresist removed alowing replication of the replication of pattern in miniature on silicon chips
L.3 |
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Term
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Definition
Elastic stamp, Microcontact Printing, Micromolding in Capillaries
L.3 |
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Term
| Elastic Stamp (Softlithography) |
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Definition
1. Liquid precursor to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is poured over a bas-relief master produced by photolithography or electron-beam lithography.
2. Liquid is cured into a rubbery solid that matches the original pattern.
3. PDMS stamp is peeled off the master.
L.3 |
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Term
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Definition
1. PDMS stamp is inked with solution consisting of organic molecules (thiols) and then pressed against a thin film of gold on a silicon plate.
2. Thiols form a self-assembled monolayer on the gold surface reproducing the stamp's pattern. (fetures in this pattern are as small as 50 nanometers)
L.3 |
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Term
| Micromolding in Capillaries |
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Definition
1. PDMS stamp placed on hard surface and a liquid polymer flows into the recesses between the surface and the stamp.
2. Polymer solidifies into the desired pattern. (May contain features smaller than 10 nanometers)
L.3 |
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Term
| Scanning Tunneling Microscopy |
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Definition
Allows scientists to see and manipulate individual atoms.
L.3 |
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Term
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Definition
Photolithography, Soft Lithography, Scanning probe Methods, Bottom-Up Methods
L.3 |
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Term
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Definition
1. A chemical reaction brings together cadmium ions, selenium ions, and organic molecules.
2.Organic molecules act as surfactants, binding to the surface of the cadmium selenide crystal as it grows.
3. When crystal reaches its optimum size, organic molecules coat the surface in a stable packing.
L.3 |
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Definition
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| Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) |
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Definition
| Surfaces consisting of a single layer of molecules on a substrate. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Print hydrophilic SAM to Hyrophobic substrate 2. Condense water 3. Cover with chloroform polymer solution 4. Evaporate Chloroform 5. Evaporate water
L.4 |
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Term
| patterning the solid state/direct solid-state synthesis |
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Definition
1. Dip-coat metal salt solution on SAM printed substrate 2. Dry drops vertically 3. Heat 4. Solid state nanodots
L.4 |
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Term
| Transfer printing of thin films |
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Definition
Deposit gold from PDMS stamp onto GaAs then second printing on top or ICP etch
L.4 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Ink PDMS with HS(CH2)nX- on Au 2. Wash with HS(CH2)nY+ L.4 |
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Term
| Reversibly switching SAMs |
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Definition
| UV light - cis isomer formation increase in surface free energy. Blue light - trans isomer formation octyl chain-low surface energy (capture of a microshere by an oil droplet by photoinducing an inchworm-like motion in the droplet.) L.4 |
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Term
| Electrowettability switch |
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Definition
| Precursor monolayer -hydrolysis-> Hydrophilic monolayer then e- switch L.4 |
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Term
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Definition
Au:Alkenthiols
Silicon and Glass:Silanes |
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Term
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Definition
| of a two dimensional shape is the ratio of its longer dimension to its shorter dimension. |
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Term
| Strategies for achieving 1D growth |
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Definition
| a) dictation by the anisotropic crystallographic structure of a solid b) confinement by liquid droplet as in the vapor-liquid-solid process c) direction through the use of a template d) kinetic control provided by capping reagent e) self-assembly of nanostructures f) size reduction of a 1D microstructure |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Nuceation 2. Growth 3. Purification |
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Term
| Qdot Surface modification |
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Definition
| Purification (-S-CH2-COO(-)Qdot) |
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Term
| Qdot synthesis in W/O microemulsion |
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Definition
| Water and oil -Surfactant-> water-pool (nano-reactor) surounded by surfacant molecules. Mix Cd and S microemulsions, intermicelle exchange, thiol capping, micelle disruption, and functionalized particles can be isolated by centrifugation or by precipitation. |
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Definition
| Nonradiative relaxation by trapping electrons and holes |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic Passivation and Inorganic Passivation |
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Term
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Definition
| Selective site passivation, Steric effects (bulky large organic molecules), Partial surface coverage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Core/Shell, Epitaxial growth of shell with wider band gap (effective surface coverage, robust passivation, carrier confinement by shell barrier), Enhanced Quantum Efficiency, Improved Photostability. |
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Term
| Core vs. Core-Shell Qdots |
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Definition
| Shell of a higher band-gap material (ZnS) improves stability and brightness of Qdots |
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Term
| CdS:Mn/ZnS development for bioimaging applications |
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Definition
| First generation: Bright fluoresence, Radio-opaque, paramagnetic (WEAK), Ultra-small (3.1nm), Photostable. Second generation: Bright fluoresence, Radio-opaque, paramagnetic (STRONG), Small (7.5nm), Photostable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Advantages: Sensitivity (core, Qdots), Selectivity (shell, ligand), Photostability (core, Qdots) |
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Term
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Definition
| fluorescence resonance energy transfer |
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