Term
| Content of the vertebral canal |
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Definition
Spinal cord and its blood vessels
plus the meninges and the CSF. |
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Term
| Characteristics of cervical vertebrae |
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Definition
A- transverse foramen. B- bifid spinous process. C- small vertebral body.
D- large and triangular vertebral canal. |
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Term
| Contents of the transverse foramen |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Hangman Fracture in the arch of axis pushes the dens posteriorly
and compresses the brain stem, leading to death.
Fracture of the dens is a typical fracture of C2 |
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Term
|
Definition
when the costal element is
preserved independently. Usually bilateral,
if one sided, usually on the left side
*The presence of a cervical rib may cause
a triad of disorders:
A- Ischemic muscle pain due to compression
of the subclavian artery.
B- pain in the ulnar side of the forearm & hand.
C- palpable mass over the clavicle. |
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Term
| Characteristics of Lumbar vertebrae |
|
Definition
Large body (1), kidney shape.
Long transverse process (5).
Relatively small vertebral foramen |
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Term
|
Definition
Is done at L3-L5 region.
The intercrestal line (iliac crests) is at the
level of L4 approximately (safe region). |
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Term
|
Definition
contains the intercostal
nerve and vessels. |
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Term
|
Definition
These are the small vertebral joints between
the articular processes |
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Term
|
Definition
Between cervical vertebrae. They develop
by age and may become pathologic and
permit disk herniation especially in C5 region |
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Term
| Intervertebral disks Herniation |
|
Definition
Mostly posterolaterally where the Anulus
Fibrosus is thinner. |
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Term
|
Definition
Epidural anesthesia is given through sacral
hiatus to block the pelvic nerves |
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Term
| Injury to coccygeal vertebrae |
|
Definition
Falling on buttocks, specially in females,
Painful delivery.
Coccydyna: pain in coccyx |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Sacralization of L5
Lumbarization of S1 |
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Term
|
Definition
Failure of vertebral arches to form or fuse.
Usually In lumbar or sacral vertebrae
Leading to meningocele (just meninges bulge
out of the vertebral canal) or
meningomyelocele (meninges plus
spinal cord bulge out). |
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Term
|
Definition
Folic acid substitution in conception and
during pregnancy decreases the risk of
spina bifida. |
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Term
|
Definition
Function: elevation, retraction and rotation
of scapula.
Helps in adduction and slight elevation of arm
**Innervation: spinal root of Accessory nerve
(CNXI) and C3-C4 (propioception and pain). |
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Term
|
Definition
Function of both muscles: press the scapula
to the thoracic wall, retraction of scapula medially.
Nerve supply: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5) |
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Term
|
Definition
Function: elevates the scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5) |
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Term
|
Definition
Function:
Adduction and lowering the arm, medial
rotation and extension of the arm (humerus).
Raises the body toward the arm when climbing.
*Innervation:
Thoracodorsal N. (C6, C7, C8). |
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Term
| Serratus post. Inferior and Sperior |
|
Definition
Innervation: intercostal nerves (T9-T12).
Function: rib elevation
*Both may function as accessory muscles of
respiration (in COPD). |
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Term
Intrinsic muscles of the back
(erector Spinae) |
|
Definition
Innervation: all by primary spinal dorsal rami
*Function: for erect posture of the body and
the two splenii rotate the head.
Extensors when both sides contract and flexion
when one side contracts. |
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Term
|
Definition
A- 3rd part of vertebral artery,
B- Suboccipital nerve (C1) innervating
all 3 muscles
C- Suboccipital plexus of veins
Function: turning the head backward or
laterally. |
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Term
|
Definition
Sensory innervation of the region:
Greater occipital nerve (C2) |
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