Term
The hypothetical element Neoterium has an atomic number of 18. It is possible to predict
that the Neoterium atom has... (Select the best answer)
A. 8 electrons in the first shell
B. 6 neutrons, 6 protons, and 6 electrons
C. 36 neutrons
D. 18 protons and 18 electrons
E. 6 valence electrons |
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Definition
| D. 18 protons and 18 electrons |
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Term
[image]Which drawing in the figure above depicts the atom with the lowest valence? (Select the best
answer)
A. Atom A
B. Atom B
C. Atom C
D. Atom D
E. Atom E |
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Definition
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Term
based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule (circle in the
center) depicted here is most likely: (Select the best answer)A. Sodium Ion
B. Chloride Ion
C. a Triglyceride
D. Oxygen molecule (O2)
E. a small hydrocarbo[image]n |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following functional groups is found bonded to the central carbon of amino
acids? (Select the best answer)
A. Functional group A
B. Functional group B
C. Functional group C
D. Functional group D
E. Functional group E[image] |
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Definition
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Term
hich molecule shown bellow contains an carboxyl functional group but is NOT a fatty acid? [image]
(Select the best answer)A. Molecule A
B. Molecule B
C. Molecule C
D. Molecule D
E. Molecule E |
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Definition
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Term
A student has drawn this model to study for their exam. Which element is not present in the
drawing? [image]A. Unsaturated phospholipids
B. Transmembrane protein
C. Cholesterol
D. Glycocalyx
E. Saturated phospholipids |
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Definition
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Term
phospholipids and triglycerides both (Select the best answer)
A. are amphipathic
B. have three fatty acids
C. are part of the plasma membrane
D. have a phosphate
E. have a glycerol |
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Definition
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Term
t room temperature (20 C) a small non polar solute has on average a di!usion rate of 60 units
per second. You experimentally make a portion of phospholipids tails saturated and add cholesterol to
the membrane. Which of the following would likely be the di!usion rate of the solute in this experiment?
(Select the best answer)
A. around 60 units per second
B. around 80 units per second
C. around 40 units per second
D. 0 units per second |
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Definition
| C. around 40 units per second |
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Term
This sugar transport protein is an example of ... (Select the best answer){image:31e1u11820023|center
A. an antiporter
B. an symporter
C. a uniporter
D. an aquaporin
E. simple diffusion |
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Definition
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Term
based on the figure, which of these experimental treatments would increase the rate of sugar
transport into the cell? (Select the best answer)
A. Decreasing extracellular concentration of sugar
B. Adding an inhibitor that blocks the action of ATP
C. Increasing extracellular concentration of the Ion
D. Adding a carrier protein that passively facilitates the sugar transport
[image] |
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Definition
| C. Increasing extracellular concentration of the Ion |
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Term
f cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 35 S, which of these molecules will be
labeled? (Select the best answer)
A. Glucose
B. Phospholipids
C. Nucleic Acids
D. Proteins
E. Cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
Preventing the release of the phosphate from the Na+/K+ pump will have which of the
immediate following e!ects? (Select the best answer)
A. It will prevent potassium from binding the pump.
B. It will prevent sodium from being released from the pump.
C. It will prevent potassium from being released from the pump.
D. It will prevent sodium from binding the pump |
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Definition
| C. It will prevent potassium from being released from the pump. |
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Term
Where would you expect to find the hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid residues (R
groups) of the Na+/K+ pump?
A. The hydrophobic amino acids would come into contact with the hydrocarbon tails, the hy-
drophilic amino acids would interact with the intracellular and extracellular environment.
B. The Na+/K+ pump is oriented such that their amino acid residues do not come into contact
with the membrane interior.
C. The Na+/K+ pump is found only on the membrane surface. The hydrophilic regions would
be attached to the phosphate groups through ionic bonds, whereas the hydrophobic groups
would be oriented toward the extracellular fluid.
D. The hydrophobic regions of the protein would clump together in the protein interior through
hydrophobic interactions, whereas the hydrophilic regions would be coming into contact with
the hydrocarbon tails |
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Definition
A. The hydrophobic amino acids would come into contact with the hydrocarbon tails, the hy-
drophilic amino acids would interact with the intracellular and extracellular environment. |
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Term
he molecular formula for glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6 . The molecular formula of ribose is C 5 H 10 O 5 .
What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking one glucose and one ribose together
with a dehydration reaction? (Select the best answer)
A. C 6 H 12 O 6 -C 5 H 10 O 5
B. C 11 H 22 O 11
C. C 11 H 24 O 12
D. C 11 H 20 O 10
E. C 7 H 14 O 7 |
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Definition
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Term
Two solutions in a beaker are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is
permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose.
Side A is filled with a solution of 9 mg of glucose and 2 mg of sodium chloride (NaCl).
Side B is filled with a solution containing 4 mg glucose and 4 mg of sodium chloride.
Initially, the volume in both sides is the same (as seen below).
24. (4 points) At the beginning of the experiment ... (Select the best answer)
A. side A is hypotonic
B. side A is hypertonic
C. both sides are hypotonic
D. both sides are hypertonic
E. both sides are isotonic
25. (4 points) If you examine Side A after three hours, you should find . (Select the best answer)
A. no change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose, and no change in the water level
B. a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose, and an decrease in the water level
C. a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, no change in the concentration of glucose, and an
increase in the water level
D. an increase in the concentration of NaCl, no change in the concentration of glucose, and an
increase in the water level[image]
At the beginning of the experiment ... (Select the best answer)
A. side A is hypotonic
B. side A is hypertonic
C. both sides are hypotonic
D. both sides are hypertonic
E. both sides are isotonic |
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Definition
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Term
f you examine Side A after three hours, you should find . (Select the best answer)
A. no change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose, and no change in the water level
B. a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose, and an decrease in the water level
C. a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, no change in the concentration of glucose, and an
increase in the water level
D. an increase in the concentration of NaCl, no change in the concentration of glucose, and an
increase in the water level[image] |
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Definition
D. an increase in the concentration of NaCl, no change in the concentration of glucose, and an
increase in the water level |
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Term
Which of the listed statements best describes the results of the following reaction?
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 →↑ 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy
A. O 2 is oxidized and H 2 O is reduced
B. C 6 H 12 O 6 is oxidized and O 2 is reduced
C. C 6 H 12 O 6 is reduced and CO 2 is oxidized
D. CO 2 is reduced and O 2 is oxidized
E. O 2 is reduced and CO 2 is oxidized |
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Definition
| B. C 6 H 12 O 6 is oxidized and O 2 is reduced |
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Term
Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? (Select the best
answer)
A. Protons moving through a membrane channel
B. H 2 O rushing over Niagara Falls
C. Light flashes emitted by a firefly
D. Roller coaster plunging down
E. A molecule of G3P |
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Definition
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Term
use this figure to identify the organelle that processes and ships carbohydrates, lipids, and
proteins. (Select the best answer)
A. Arrow A
B. Arrow B
C. Arrow C
D. Arrow D [image] |
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Definition
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Term
An allosteric inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzyme reaction by . (Select the best
answer)
A. changing the overall free energy of the reaction
B. binding at the active site of the enzyme
C. decreasing the activation energy of the reaction
D. changing the shape of the enzyme’s active site
E. acting as a coenzyme for the reaction |
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Definition
| D. changing the shape of the enzyme’s active site |
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Term
which process is most immediately affected by light energy? (Select the best answer)
A. Reduction of NADP+ molecules
B. Creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane
C. Removal of electrons from the reaction center
D. Carbon fixation
E. ATP synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
for ATP Synthase to function in the mitochondria which of the following is necessary? (Select
the best answer)
A. Higher proton concentration in the Thylakoid lumen than the Stroma
B. Lower proton concentration in the Thylakoid lumen than the Stroma
C. Higher proton concentration in the Matrix than the Intermembrane Space
D. Lower proton concentration in the Matrix than the Intermembrane Space
E. Higher proton concentration in the Extracellular Space than the Cytosol |
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Definition
| D. Lower proton concentration in the Matrix than the Intermembrane Space |
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Term
reaction X without a catalyst requires 175 kJ of activation energy (Ea), and has a delta G of
-350 kJ. What would be the activation energy (Ea), and delta G of Reaction X if an enzyme catalyzes
the reaction? (Select the best answer)
A. Ea: 130 kJ deltaG: 200 kJ
B. Ea: 130 kJ deltaG: 400 kJ
C. Ea: 175 kJ deltaG: -350 kJ
D. Ea: 130 kJ deltaG: -350 kJ
E. Ea: 175 kJ deltaG: 400 kJ |
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Definition
| D. Ea: 130 kJ deltaG: -350 kJ |
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Term
during a laboratory experiment, you decrease the concentration of CO 2 and increase the
concentration of O 2 in the chloroplasts. What is the subsequent effect? (Select the best answer)
A. Rubisco will fix O 2 into RuBP
B. NADPH will be oxidized in the light dependent reactions
C. H 2 O will be produced in Photosystem II
D. CO 2 will be produced in Photosystem I
E. Calvin Cycle will happen at a higher rate |
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Definition
| A. Rubisco will fix O 2 into RuBP |
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Term
enzyme X is involved in the first reaction in the Krebs Cycle. What do you need to increase
to reach the point of saturation of Enzyme X? (Select the best answer)
A. RuBP and CO 2
B. Oxaloacetate and Acetyl-Coenzyme-A
C. Pyruvate and Coenzyme-A
D. NAD+ and FAD
E. The temperature in the cell |
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Definition
| B. Oxaloacetate and Acetyl-Coenzyme-A |
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Term
Oxygen is reduced in the structure with an asterisk (*) in the following figure. [image]Use the figure as a guide to identify the Mystery structure (highlighted with an arrow and an inter-
rogation mark), and Area 1. (Select the best answer).
A. Mystery molecule:Complex I ; Area 1: Intermembrane Space
B. Mystery molecule:Complex IV ; Area 1: Matrix
C. Mystery molecule:Photosystem I ; Area 1: Thylakoid lumen
D. Mystery molecule:Photosystem II ; Area 1: Stroma |
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Definition
| A. Mystery molecule:Complex I ; Area 1: Intermembrane Space |
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Term
one molecule of Glycerol can be directly metabolized into one molecule of G3P. How many
molecules of CO2 will be produced by one molecule of G3P as the starting point throughout the
processes in aerobic cellular respiration. (Select the best answer)
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
E. 8 |
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Definition
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Term
[image]this question follows the same figure above. In which phase of cellular respiration is this
reaction happening? (Select the best answer)
A. Glycolysis
B. Pyruvate Processing
C. Fermentation
D. Krebs cycle
E. Calvin cycle |
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Definition
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Term
the image represents
the reaction of an Enzyme important in Cellular Respiration (reaction shown on the square). If temperature increases from the value at the dotted vertical line, what is the consequent
eect? (Select the best answer)
A. NAD+ will be oxidized at a higher rate
B. NAD+ will be reduced at a higher rate
C. NAD+ will be oxidized at a lower rate
D. NAD+ will be reduced at a lower rate[image] |
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Definition
| D. NAD+ will be reduced at a lower rate |
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Term
t the end of the carbon reduction phase of the Calvin cycle, 10 G3P molecules remain for
the regeneration phase. How many RuBP molecules can be regenerated from these 10 G3P molecules?
(Select the best answer)
A. 2
B. 3
C. 6
D. 9
E. 10 |
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Definition
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Term
[image]The figure shows the reaction of Enzyme X: AB + C → A + BC ,
Enzyme Y does the reaction but in reverse: A + BC → AB + C
Which of the following letters represents deltaG in the reaction catalyzed by Enzyme Y (Select the best
answer)
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
E. e |
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Definition
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Term
When nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid strand, which of the following occurs?
A. Phosphodiester bonds form between nitrogenous bases of adjacent nucleotides.
B. A hydrogen bond forms between the 3’ carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next
nucleotide.
C. Hydrogen bonds form between adjacent purines and pyrimidines within the same strand.
D. A covalent bond forms from the 3’ hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group
of the next nucleotide. |
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Definition
D. A covalent bond forms from the 3’ hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group
of the next nucleotide. |
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Term
How do the leading and the lagging strands differ? (Select the best answer)
A. The leading strand is synthesized towards the replication fork, and the lagging strand is syn-
thesized away from the fork
B. The lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized with
okazaki fragments
C. The leading strand is synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction, and the lagging strand is synthesized
in a 3’ to 5’ direction
D. The leading strand is synthesized by DNA Pol I, and the lagging strand is synthesized by DNA
Pol III |
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Definition
| A. The leading strand is synthesized towards the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized away from the fork |
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Term
If a cell in metaphase II of meiosis shows 3 chromosomes, how many chromosomes in total
would you expect to find in a somatic cell of this organism during the G1 phase? (Select the best answer)
A. 3 chromosomes
B. 6 chromosomes
C. 9 chromosomes
D. 12 chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
A non-glowing strain of bacteria is resistant to penicillin, while a glowing (bioluminescent)
strain is not resistant to penicillin.
You heat-kill the glowing strain, treat the mixture with nucleases, and then mix it with the living
non-glowing strain.
You allow the bacteria to grow in a medium containing penicillin. What phenotype do you expect the
living bacteria in the medium to exhibit, and why? (Select the best answer)
A. Non-glowing, because nucleases degrade the DNA, preventing the transfer of the bioluminescent
gene necessary for transformation.
B. Glowing, because proteins for bioluminescence can still be transferred even after nucleases
break down the DNA.
C. Non-glowing, because the glowing (bioluminescent) bacteria will transform into Non-glowing.
D. No bacteria will grow, as nucleases prevent both strains from surviving. |
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Definition
A. Non-glowing, because nucleases degrade the DNA, preventing the transfer of the bioluminescent
gene necessary for transformation. |
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Term
one of the checkpoints in mitosis ensures that chromatids have been successfully separated.
If this separation does not occur in at least one chromosome, in which phase are the cells most likely to
be arrested? (Select the best answer)
A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following options CANNOT be represented by the following diagram? (Select
the best answer)
A. Cell in Prometaphase (Mitosis)
B. Cell in Prometaphase II
C. A Diploid cell
D. A Gamete[image] |
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Definition
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Term
A student drew a model of a nucleotide. What (if anything) do you need to replace in this
diagram to represent a nucleotide with Uracil? (Select the best answer)[image]
A. Replace the 2’ hydroxyl for Hydrogen, and replace the Purine for Pyrimidine
B. Replace the 2’ hydroxyl for Hydrogen, and replace the Pyrimidine for Purine
C. Replace the Purine for Pyrimidine
D. Replace the 2’ hydroxyl for Hydrogen
E. Replace the Pyrimidine for Purine |
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Definition
| C. Replace the Purine for Pyrimidine |
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Term
a group of scientist decided to repeat the Hershey and Chase experiment with a modification.
They used radioactive nitrogen to label the molecules. At the end of their experiment, would they detect
radioactivity? If so, where? (Select the best answer)
A. Yes, in the bacterial pellet.
B. Yes, in both the bacterial pellet and the supernatant.
C. No, nitrogen would not have labeled any molecule.
D. Yes, in the supernatant only. |
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Definition
| B. Yes, in both the bacterial pellet and the supernatant. |
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Term
what phase will happen immediately after the phase seen in the accompanying figure?[image]
(Select the best answer)
A. Metaphase (Mitosis)
B. Telophase (Mitosis)
C. Telophase II (Meiosis)
D. Telophase I (Meiosis)
E. Metaphase I (Meiosis |
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Definition
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Term
helicase has separated the template strands, and topoisomerase is relieving the DNA tension.
The two template strands have separated, forming a replication bubble. Which enzyme should act
immediately next? (Select the best answer)
A. Telomerase
B. DNA Pol III
C. DNA Pol I
D. Primase
E. Ligase |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following options is a gamete that could result from the initial cell?[image]
For this question assume that meiosis proceeds normally but crossing over does not happen.
(Select the best answer)
A. Cell A
B. Cell B
C. Cell C
D. Cell D
E. Cell E |
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Definition
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Term
ou adopted three cats, Tommy, Dundee, and Filya. You wonder who is the youngest and
who is the oldest. After measuring the length of their telomeres, you obtain the following results:
Tommy’s telomeres are 8,000 base pairs long.
Dundee’s telomeres are 5,500 base pairs long.
Filya’s telomeres are 12,000 base pairs long.
Based on these telomere lengths, which cat is likely the youngest, and which is likely the oldest?
A. Tommy is the youngest, and Filya is the oldest.
B. Filya is the youngest, and Dundee is the oldest.
C. Dundee is the youngest, and Tommy is the oldest.
D. Tommy is the youngest, and Dundee is the oldest.
E. Dundee is the youngest, and Filya is the oldest |
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Definition
| B. Filya is the youngest, and Dundee is the oldest. |
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Term
A replication bubble is about to happen. Put the following steps of DNA replication in
chronological order. (Select the best answer)
1. A primer is created in the template strands.
2. Hydrogen bonds between base pairs of antiparallel strands are broken.
3. Daughter strands start elongating.
4. Gaps are sealed in the daughter strands.
5. RNA nucleotides are substituted with DNA nucleotides
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B. 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
C. 2, 1, 3, 5, 4
D. 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 |
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Definition
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Term
magine there is a new prokaryote collected in Europa ( Jupiter’s moon) and NASA has
collected a DNA sample. In addition to the usual nitrogenous bases found in DNA, researchers have
identified a new pair of nitrogenous bases: Xerine and Yazarine.
Xerine is a new purine and forms four hydrogen bonds with Yazarine, a new pyrimidine.
If in the section of DNA, there are 25% Adenines, and 15% of G-C bonds, how much percentage of
Yazarine is in the section of DNA?
A. 10.5%
B. 15%
C. 17.5%
D. 25%
E. 35% |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following images show an accurate representation of a replication bubble? (Select
the best answer)
A. Bubble A
B. Bubble B
C. Bubble C
D. Bubble D[image] |
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Definition
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