Anterior Thorax;

O: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5;

I: Corocoid process of scapula;

N: By medial and lateral pectoral nerves;

A: Draws scapula down and forward and elevates ribs

Anterior Thorax;

O: Ribs 1-8 or 9;

I: Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula;

N: Long thoracic nerve;

A: Holds scapula against chest wall, rotates scapula laterally, and raises point of shoulder for arm abduction above 90 degrees

Anterior Thorax;

O: Costal cartilage of 1st rib;

I: Inferior surface of clavicle (lateral 1/3);

N: Nerve to subclavius;

A: Stabilizes pectoral girdle and helps to depress shoulder

Anterior Neck;

O: Sternal head (manubrium) and clavicularhead (medial 1/3 clavicle);

I: Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line;

N: Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI);

A: Bilaterally-flexes the neck forward, Unilaterally-flexes the head to the same side and turns face to opposite side

Anterior Neck;

O: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 4-6;

I: First rib;

N: Branches of cervical spinal nerves;

A: Flexes head and elevates first rib to aid in inspiration

Posterior Thorax;

O: Occipital bone and ligamentum nuchae spines of C7-T12;

I: Lateral 1/3 of upper clavicle, middle of acromion process, and spine of scapula (lower fibers);

N: Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI);

A: Elevates scapula (upper fibers), retracts (adducts) scapula (middle fibers), and lowers and pulls scapula down. (all fibers stabilize scapula)

Posterior Thorax;

O: Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae;

I: Superior vertebral border of scapula;

N: Dorsal scapular nerve;

A: Elevates scapula (when scapula is fixed, it laterally flexes neck to same side, acting together to extend neck

Posterior Thorax;

O: Spinous processes of C7-T1 (minor) and Spinous processes of T2-T5 (major);

I: Root of spine of scapula (minor)and medial border of scapula below spine (major);

N: Dorsal scapular nerve;

A: Draws scapula medially, retracts scapula, and rotates scapula downward