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compound light: light and mirrors, observe living and non-living things
electron: shoots electrons, observe non-living things
scanning probe: scans surface at molecular level, observe non-living things |
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| eye piece, 10x magnification |
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| hole in stage that allows light through |
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| fine and course adjustment |
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| produces light or reflects light |
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| opens/closes the diaphram |
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| provide magnification (low=4x; medium=10x; high=40x) |
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| maintains distance between eyepiece and objectives |
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| 3D effect visible by changing fine adjustment under high power, layers |
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| distance across the diameter of your field of view, used to estimate the size of a specimen |
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| :) Look at notebook and review!! |
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| :) Look at your notebook to review!! |
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Drawing 1.1 Title under ___ power date:
signature:
magnification:
(your drawing w/ FIELD LINE and labels)Observations: |
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| boundary made of a phospholipid bilayer |
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| pump or channels for material in/out of the cell |
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| chemical ID of cell, membrane stabilizers |
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| packaged DNA used for reproduction |
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| directs things around the cell(rough has ribosomes attached) |
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| produces lysosomes, vesicles and vacuoles |
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| stores carbs, water, etc.; provides support in plants |
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| brings things in and out of cells |
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| supportive structure, framework |
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| converts glucose into DNA |
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| turns light into energy (protists and plants) |
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| supportive structure that surrounds the cell membrane (plants, fungi, some protists) |
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| moves a cell; whip-like (protist, some bacteria, not animals) |
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| hair like structures that are used for movement (single celled organisms that move freely) |
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| help move DNA while cell division (ONLY animal cells) |
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| 1665: term "cell"; observed cork |
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| 1674: used high quality lenses to improve microscopes, observed pondwater>animolecules |
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| 1838: said plants were composed of cells |
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| 1839: said animals were composed of cells |
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| 1830s: discovered the cells nucleus; the nucleus directs cell division |
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| 1855: new cells arise from the division of pre-existing cells |
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| 1953: tested the hypothesis and produced amino acids in 1 week!!! |
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| 1920s: hypothesis based on behavior of energy and molecules in all living things |
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| prokaryotic, reproduce by binary fission (splitting in 2) ex: bacteria |
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| eukaryotic, carryout specific cell functions, ex: amoeba, euglena, paramecium |
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| eukaryotic, cell wall composed of chitin, saprophytic>food comes from dead organic material, breaks down then injests, cells are not completely seperated, ex: bread mold, mushrooms, athletes foot |
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| eukaryotic, cell wall composed of cellulose, autotrophic>makes own food, has chloroplasts and vacuoles, ex: elodea, onion |
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| eukaryotic, heterotrophic>food comes from organic material, injest then digest, no cell wall or chloroplasts, do have centrioles |
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| no nucleus, small/simple, functions simply, ex: bacteria, came first>precursors to eukaryotics |
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| nucleus, more complex/organized/larger, complex and specialized parts, ex: all body cells, plant cells, fungi, etc., evolutionarily advanced over prokaryotic cells |
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| *all living things are composed of cells*cells are alke in chemical composition and structure*cells are the smallest working unit of living things*all cells arise from other cells |
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| 1) earth consisted of prebiotic soup from which small organic compounds were made2)small molecules were joined to make larger molecules3)molecules organized into droplets / different characteristics than the molecules alone4)origin of heredity; formation of DNA allows primitive cells to reproduce themselves and pass on info |
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| -lynn marguilis proposed an evolutionary explanation for eukaryotic cells-eukaryotic cell is the result of prokaryotic cells living enclosed in one cell, utually benefiting from the relationship |
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| (down a) concentration gradients |
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| from high concentration to low concentration |
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| molecules move freely, no use of cells energy, disorder/chaos, diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
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| moving molecules against the gradient, restores order, protein pumps, endocytosis, exoctosis |
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| movement of molecules from high to low, random..bumping..spread and change directions..etc. |
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| water molecules moving from high to low, cells can either shrink or expand as a result, (hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic) |
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| helps molecules move but still no use of cells energy, rely on proteins imbedded in membranes, protein channels, transport proteins |
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| concentration of solutes outside cell is highter, cell shrinks |
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| concentration of solutes inside is higher, cell expands |
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| concentration of solutes inside and outside is equal |
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| gate-fit to match, used for control |
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| moving molecules into the cell (pocket > pinches off > vesicle), phagocytosis, phinocytosis |
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| moving molecules out of cells, (golgi body > vesicle > contact cell membrane > fuse > particles spill out of cell |
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| cellular eating (endocytosis) |
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| cellular drinking (endocytosis) |
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