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X-Ray Imaging Principles
Week 12
23
Nursing
Graduate
10/15/2015

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
X-Rays
Definition

Created by the sudden deceleration of a stream of electrons

 

This produces both heat (99%) and x-ray photons (1%)

Term
X-Ray Tube
Definition

Designed to generate x-rays and deal with the heat production 

 

Characteristically uses 30-150 kV to produce x-ray beam 

 

The exposure switch is a 'deadman' swtich and must be held throughout exposure 

Term
X-Ray Photons
Definition

Absorbed by the patient, while some of the photons are absorbed by the image receptor

 

However some of the x-ray photons are deflected by the patient and image receptor and become x-ray scatter (scatter radiation)

Term
Scatter Radiation
Definition
Poses a threat to healthcare workers
Term
Factors determining the amount of scatter radiation
Definition
Energy of the x-ray beam (kV), the size of the part being imaged and the duration of imaging
Term
Injury from exposure to ionizing radiation are possible
Definition

Deterministic

 

Stochastic 

Term
Deterministic
Definition
Causing cell death or tissue damage
Term
Stochastic
Definition
Development of cancer from direct DNA ionization or the creation of hydroxyl radicals from X-ray interactions with water molecules
Term
Defining the exposure to radiation
Definition

Radiation absorbed dose (rad)

 

Radiation equivalent man (rem) 

 

Roentgen (C/kg)

Term
For imaging x-rays
Definition

Rad and Rem 

 

are Interchangable 

Term
SI units of radiation exposure
Definition

Gray and Sievert replace rad and rem respectively

 

 

Term
1 rad
Definition
0.001
Term
Gy
Definition
10mGy
Term
1 rem
Definition
0.001
Term
Sv
Definition
10 mSv
Term
Dose Limits for workers
Definition

Annual Dose Limit- 5 rem (50mSv)

 

Lifetime Accumulation- 1 rem x years of age 

Term
Highest Radiation Exposure
Definition
Fluroscopy and CT imaging
Term
LD50
Definition
Humans from whole-body radiation exposure is approximately 400 rad
Term
Organs with High Cell Replication
Definition

Most sensitive to effects or radiation exposure

 

GI epithelium, gonads, lens, thyroid &hemopoietic system 

Term
Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection
Definition

Time

 

Distance

 

Shielding 

Term
Time
Definition
Keep exposure time as short as possible (usually not in our control)
Term
Distance
Definition

Maximize the distance from the radiation source

 

Radiation intensity declines with the squre of the distance (Inverse Square Law)

Term
Inverse Square Law
Definition
I1D12=I2D22
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