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Created by the sudden deceleration of a stream of electrons
This produces both heat (99%) and x-ray photons (1%) |
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Designed to generate x-rays and deal with the heat production
Characteristically uses 30-150 kV to produce x-ray beam
The exposure switch is a 'deadman' swtich and must be held throughout exposure |
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Definition
Absorbed by the patient, while some of the photons are absorbed by the image receptor
However some of the x-ray photons are deflected by the patient and image receptor and become x-ray scatter (scatter radiation) |
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Poses a threat to healthcare workers |
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Factors determining the amount of scatter radiation |
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Energy of the x-ray beam (kV), the size of the part being imaged and the duration of imaging |
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Injury from exposure to ionizing radiation are possible |
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Causing cell death or tissue damage |
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Development of cancer from direct DNA ionization or the creation of hydroxyl radicals from X-ray interactions with water molecules |
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Defining the exposure to radiation |
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Radiation absorbed dose (rad)
Radiation equivalent man (rem)
Roentgen (C/kg) |
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Rad and Rem
are Interchangable |
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SI units of radiation exposure |
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Definition
Gray and Sievert replace rad and rem respectively
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Annual Dose Limit- 5 rem (50mSv)
Lifetime Accumulation- 1 rem x years of age |
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Highest Radiation Exposure |
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Definition
Fluroscopy and CT imaging |
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Definition
Humans from whole-body radiation exposure is approximately 400 rad |
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Organs with High Cell Replication |
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Definition
Most sensitive to effects or radiation exposure
GI epithelium, gonads, lens, thyroid &hemopoietic system |
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Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection |
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Definition
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Keep exposure time as short as possible (usually not in our control) |
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Maximize the distance from the radiation source
Radiation intensity declines with the squre of the distance (Inverse Square Law) |
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