Shared Flashcard Set

Details

X-Ray
Steve Q6 (1)
60
Histology
Professional
06/28/2012
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Histology Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
1.       _____ are electromagnetic energy with wave lengths of approximately 10^-10 to 10^-11.
 Definition
X-RAYS
Term
2.       The x-ray photons interact with the object being examined in these 3 ways.
 Definition
1) ABSORPTION, 2) TRANSMISSION, 3) SCATTER
Term
3.       _____ is when the x-ray photons do not reach the film.
 Definition
ABSORPTION
Term
4.       _____ is when the x-ray photons reach the film.
 Definition
TRANSMISSION
Term
5.       _____ is when the x-ray photons are deflected and may or may not reach the film.
 Definition
SCATTER
Term
6.       The greater the absorption of photons in the object, the fewer photons reach the film, and therefore the _____ the film will be.
 Definition
WHITER
Term
7.       The lesser the absorption of photons in the object, the more photons reach the film and the _____ the film will be.
 Definition
BLACKER
Term
8.       These are the 5 basic radiographic densities from radiolucent to radiopaque.
 Definition
1) AIR, 2) FAT, 3) WATER, 4) BONE, 5) METAL
Term
9.       To perceive an interface between 2 adjacent tissues, the following 2 criteria must be fulfilled.
 Definition
1) THE 2 TISSUES MUST BE OF DIFFERENT ATOMIC NUMBER, DENSITY OR THICKNESS, 2) THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE 2 TISSUES MUST BE PARALLEL TO TANGENTIAL TO THE X-RAY BEAM
Term
10.   _____ of an object depends on the distance between the source and the object, and the distance between the object and the image.
 Definition
MAGNIFICATION
Term
11.   _____ is essentially unequal magnification and depends on the angle of the central ray to the object and/or the film.
 Definition
DISTORTION
Term
12.   Because of the superimposition of structures it is always necessary to take two radiographs at _____.
 Definition
90DEG TO EACHOTHER
Term
13.   Superimposition of one object on another may give rise to a phenomenon known as the _____, which is the appearance of a radiolucent line paralleling the edge or border of one structure as it crosses over another.
 Definition
MACH EFFECT
Term
14.   _____ is the addition of densities on the image as different objects overlap each other. This may lead to the faulty impression of seeing “something” where nothing exists.
 Definition
SUMMATION
Term
15.   3 normal radiographic projections of the cervical spine.
 Definition
1) AP CERVICAL, 2) LATERAL CERVICAL, 3) APOM
Term
16.   This cervical view is best to see C0, C1, C2.
 Definition
APOM
Term
17.   This cervical view is best to see C0-C7, base of skull, and soft tissues of the neck.
 Definition
LATERAL CERVICAL
Term
18.   This cervical view is best to see from C3-T2/3, medial aspect of the clavicle, lung apices, and tracheal air shadow.
 Definition
AP CERVICAL
Term
19.   What do we want superimposed when taking the APOM?
 Definition
THE HARD PALATE AND BASE OF OCCIPUT
Term
20.   What view is best to see the IVF’s in the cervical spine?
 Definition
OBLIQUE VIEWS
Term
21.   This is an extra view taken in the cervical spine to see ipsilateral IVF’s.
 Definition
ANTERIOR OBLIQUE
Term
22.   This is an extra view taken in the cervical spine to see contralateral IVF’s.
 Definition
POSTERIOR OBLIQUE
Term
23.   When looking at obliques of the cervical spine, the marker is below the chin for a _____ oblique, and the marker is behind the neck for an _____ oblique.
 Definition
POSTERIOR; ANTERIOR
Term
24.   Why do we collimate down when taking x-rays?
 Definition
TO REDUCE RADIATION EXPOSURE TO THE PATIENT
Term
25.   3 basic projections of the thoracic spine.
 Definition
1) AP THORACIC, 2) LATERAL THORACIC, 3) SWIMMER’S VIEW
Term
26.   The _____ view is best to see the ribs.
 Definition
P-A
Term
27.   _____ is the gastric air bubble that can be seen when viewing thoracic x-rays.
 Definition
MEGENBLASE
Term
28.   How many ossification sites are there on each vertebrae?
 Definition
9
Term
29.   How do we determine if there is rotation in the AP thoracic view?
 Definition
WE COMPATE THE VERTEBRAL BODIES TO THE MEDIAL ASPECT OF THE CLAVICLES
Term
30.   The maximum difference in height of anterior and posterior vertebra is _____mm.
 Definition
2-3MM
Term
31.   These are the 2 basic views of the lumbar spine.
 Definition
1) AP LUMBAR (LUMBOSACRAL), 2) LATERAL LUMBAR
Term
32.   _____ is an extra lumbar view used to see the posterior neural arch elements.
 Definition
OBLIQUES
Term
33.   _____ is an extra lumbar view used to view contralateral pars interarticularis.
 Definition
ANTERIOR OBLIQUES
Term
34.   _____ is an extra lumbar view used to view ipsilateral pars interarticularis.
 Definition
POSTERIOR OBLIQUES
Term
35.   _____ is an extra lumbar view to see the SI joints.
 Definition
P-A LUMBOSACRAL
Term
36.   One way to tell a persons age is through _____, which calcifies the iliac crest from lateral to medial.
 Definition
RISSER’S SIGN
Term
37.   The _____ is a line tangential to the iliac crests that transects the L4 vertebral body or the L4/L5 disc.
 Definition
INTERCRESTAL LINE
Term
38.   The _____ lines cross the S1 vertebral body.
 Definition
SACRAL ALAE LINES
Term
39.   The TP of _____ is usually the largest in the lumbar spine.
 Definition
L3
Term
40.   The _____ can be found at the level of the PSIS.
 Definition
2ND SACRAL TUBERCLE
Term
41.   The lumbar discs are normally wider _____.
 Definition
ANTERIORLY
Term
42.   The _____ and _____ lumbar discs are slightly taller as the posterior aspect of the disc.
 Definition
L1 AND L2
Term
43.   Why does the IVF at L5/S1 seem smaller than the ones above?
 Definition
THE FORAMINAL CANAL AT THIS LEVEL IS NOT PERPENDICULAR TO THE SAGITTAL PLANE, BUT RATHER IT IS DIRECTED ANTERIOR AND LATERAL
Term
44.   These are the 4 basic views of the pelvis and sacrum.
 Definition
1) AP PELVIS, 2) PA PELVIS, 3) AP SACRUM, 4) LATERAL SACRUM
Term
45.   _____is the best view when looking at the SI joint.
 Definition
P-A PELVIS
Term
46.   _____ is the best view when looking at the sacrum.
 Definition
A-P PELVIS
Term
47.   _____ is the best view to look at pre-sacral soft tissues.
 Definition
LATERAL SACRUM
Term
48.   Facial plane lines are used to see these 3 muscles in the lateral sacrum view.
 Definition
1) ILIOPSOAS, 2) OBTURATOR INTERNUS, 3) GLUTEUS MEDIUS
Term
49.   _____ is the fused SP of upper 3-4 sacral segments.
 Definition
MEDIAN SACRAL CREST
Term
50.   _____ is the fused laminae of the sacrum.
 Definition
SACRAL GROOVE
Term
51.   _____ is the fused articular processes of the sacrum.
 Definition
INTERMEDIATE CREST
Term
52.   _____ is the fused TP’s of the sacrum.
 Definition
LATERAL SACRAL CREST
Term
53.   The 2nd sacral tubercle is found at the level of the _____.
 Definition
PSIS
Term
54.   The auricular surface of the SI joint usually involves the upper _____ segments.
 Definition
2-3 SEGMENTS
Term
55.   There is usually a _____ separating the sacrum and the coccyx.
 Definition
DISC
Term
56.   The iliac crest rises to the level of _____.
 Definition
L4
Term
57.   The vertical alignment of the symphysis pubis is measured using the _____.
 Definition
INFERIOR ASPECT OF THE PUBIC BONE
Term
58.   The normal distance between pubic bones across the symphysis is between _____mm.
 Definition
4-8MM
Term
59.   The lower 2/3 of the sacroiliac joint is this type of joint.
 Definition
SYNOVIAL
Term
60.   The upper 1/3 of the SI joint is this type of joint.
 Definition
FIBROUS
Supporting users have an ad free experience!