The Allies

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration

Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union

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Anschluss

This union, known as the Anschluss, received the enthusiastic support of most of the Austrian population 

the name given to the events in which Hitler's Germany took control of Austria in 1938

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Appeasement

Appeasement in a political context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an enemy power in order to avoid conflict.

giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace

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Armistice

An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.

an agreement to stop fighting

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Aryans

Aryan, name originally given to a people who were said to speak an archaic Indo-European language

someone from Northern Europe, especially someone with blond hair and blue eyes

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The Battle of Alamein

The Battle of El Alamein marked the culmination of the North African campaign between the forces of the British Empire 

In Egypt, the British finally stopped the German advance during the long Battle. They then turned the tables on the Germans, driving the Axis forces back across Libya into Tunisia.

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Atlantic Charter

The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration released by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt

Battle of Midway

Between 4 and 7 June 1942, only six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea, the United States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz, Frank Jack Fletcher, and Raymond 

June 4-7, 1942 (6 months after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor); The United States discovers Japan's intended trap at the Midway Atoll and instead the U.S. ambushes the Japanese and they suffer heavy losses and never really recover from this counter-attack

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Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was a major battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union

a major tuning point in the Soviet Union, and one of the costliest of the war; In 1942, Hitler was determined to take Stalin's namesake city & Stalin was equally determined not to let it fall; the Soviets end up encircling their attackers and the Germans finally surrender in Jan. 1943

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Battle of the Bulge

The Battle of the Bulge was the last major German offensive campaign in its western theater during World War II

Dec. 1944 - Jan 1945; Germany launches its last massive counterattack of WWII, and there were great losses on both sides; the U.S. suffers the most casualties here out of all the WWII battles: 19,000 dead: Germany holds off Allied advance for about 6 week but eventually loses their foothold

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Berlin Blockade/Airlift:

Berlin blockade and airlift, international crisis that arose from an attempt by the Soviet Union, in 1948–49, to force the Western Allied powers 

June 1948 - May 1949, during the Cold War, Stalin tries to completely control Berlin, even though it was occupied and divided by all 4 victorious Allies, by sealing off every railroad and highway into the Western sectors of the city. Western powers responded to the blockade by supplying West Berliners with food and fuel via cargo planes for more than a year - and the Soviets end their blockade but tensions between the countries grows deeper

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Big Three

The Big Three; Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill during WWII.

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin

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Blitzkrieg

Blitzkrieg is a method of warfare whereby an attacking force, spearheaded by a dense concentration of armoured and motorised or mechanised infantry

"lightning war", where Hitler used improved tank & airpower technology to strike a devastating blow against the enemy

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Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc and powers in the Western Bloc.

this unfriendly relationship between the US and the Soviet Union after the Second World War

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D-Day

Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower encouraged Allied soldiers taking part in the D-day invasion of June 6, 1944, reminding them, "The eyes of the world are upon you," before they embarked on " a great crusade." 

June 6, 1944; Allies invade France; 176,000 troops land on the beaches of Normandy

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The Final Solution

The origin of the "Final Solution," the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish people, remains uncertain. 

Adolf Hitler's plan to remove Jewish people from Europe by killing them all

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Guernica

Guernica is a mural-sized oil painting on canvas by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso completed in June 1937, at his home on Rue des Grands Augustins, in Paris.

a town in the Basque area of northern Spain, which was destroyed by bombs dropped by German aircraft in 1937, during the Spanish Civil War.

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Haile Selassie

Emperor Haile Selassie I worked to modernize Ethiopia for several decades before famine and political opposition forced him from office in 1974

the emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, who is remembered especially for having modernized his country

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Munich Conference

The Munich Conference came as a result of a long series of negotiations.

Sept. 1938, British & French persuaded the Czechs to surrender the Sudetenland to Hitle

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Hiroshima

The United States, at the order of President Harry S. Truman, dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 

a city in Japan which was destroyed in 1945 during World War II, when a U.S. nuclear bomb was dropped on it, killing very many people

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Kamikaze Pilots

Kamikaze - Suicide Pilots of World War II

Japanese pilots who undertook suicide missions, crashing their explosive-laden airplanes into American warships

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Reparations

Reparations for slavery is the idea that some form of compensatory payment needs to be made to the descendants of Africans who had been enslaved as part of the Atlantic Slave Trade.

money paid by a defeated country after a war (ex. Germany), for all the deaths, damage etc it has caused

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Miracle of Dunkirk

The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches

British sent all available naval vessels, merchant ships, and fishing boats across the English Channel and despite German air attacks, the armada ferried more than 300,000 troops to safety in Britain; this heroic rescue raised British morale

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Nazi-Soviet Pact

The Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939. Germany and Russia agreed to bury the hatchet; they agreed to bury it in Poland.

publicly bound Hitler & Stalin to peaceful relations; but secretly the 2 agreed not to fight if the other went to war to divide up Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe between them

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NATO

NATO’s essential purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of its members through political and military means.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a group of countries including the US and several European countries, which give military help to each other

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Pearl Harbor

 hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii.

an important US naval base in Hawaii, which was suddenly attacked by Japanese planes in December 1941. Many warships were destroyed or damaged, and this caused great shock and anger in the US, and made the US start fighting in World War II.

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Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Berlin-Tokyo-Rome Axis. In Berlin, Germany, officials from Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan sign the ten-year Tripartite Pact 

The Axis Powers; the 3 countries agreed to fight Soviet communism, and not to interfere with one another's for territorial expansion

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Treaty of Versailles (regards to Germany)

Allied delegates in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles witness the German delegation's acceptance of the terms of the Treaty Of Versailles

a peace agreement made in 1919 at Versailles in France, following the defeat of Germany in World War I, between Germany and the allies (=the countries that fought against Germany in the war, including France, Russia, the UK, and the US). According to the treaty, Germany lost some of its land and had to agree to pay large amounts of money to the allies for damage caused by the war. The treaty also established the League of Nations

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League of Nations

he League of Nations objective was to maintain universal peace

an international organization that was established after World War I to encourage countries to work together and achieve international peace. It was replaced in 1946 by the United Nations

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Total War

Total War is a computer series of strategy games developed by The Creative Assembly.

channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort

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Truman Doctrine

With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military 

United States policy, established in 1947, of trying to contain the spread of communism

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United Nations

The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order.

1st meeting in April 1945, 50 nations met to draft the charter for the UN; each member nation has 1 vote in the General Assembly; a smaller body, the Security Council has greater power and is made up of 5 permanent members: The U.S., Russia, Britain, France, and China; final ratification in Oct. 1945; currently 192 member countries

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V-E day

ry in Europe Day, generally known as V-E Day, VE Day or simply V Day,

Victory in Europe Day; May 8th 1945, the day on which victory in Europe in World War II was celebrated

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V-E day

ry in Europe Day, generally known as V-E Day, VE Day or simply V Day,

Victory in Europe Day; May 8th 1945, the day on which victory in Europe in World War II was celebrated

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