Term
1. The Allies
The Allies won world war 2. |
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Definition
Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union
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2. Anschluss
Anschluss was the process in which Hitler took Austria. |
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Definition
the name given to the events in which Hitler's Germany took control of Austria in 1938
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3. Appeasement
In order to keep the peace, the European countries practiced appeasement. |
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Definition
giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace
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4. Armistice
WWI ended shortly after the armistice was called. |
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Definition
an agreement to stop fighting
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5. Aryans
Hitler believed that the Aryans were the perfect race of human beings. |
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Definition
someone from Northern Europe, especially someone with blond hair and blue eyes
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6. The Battle of Alamein
Egypt was freed from Germany after the battle of Alamein. |
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Definition
In Egypt, the British finally stopped the German advance during the long Battle. They then turned the tables on the Germans, driving the Axis forces back across Libya into Tunisia.
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Term
7. Atlantic Charter
The Atlanta Charter would start the offense against the axis powers. |
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Definition
Aug. 1941, Roosevelt & Churchill met on a warship in the Atlantic in which the 2 leaders set goals for the war (such as "the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny") and for the postwar world
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Term
8. Battle of Midway
Tha Japanese lost the Battle of Midway. |
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Definition
June 4-7, 1942 (6 months after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor); The United States discovers Japan's intended trap at the Midway Atoll and instead the U.S. ambushes the Japanese and they suffer heavy losses and never really recover from this counter-attack
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Term
9. Battle of Stalingrad
Germany lost against the Soviet Union in the Battle of Stalingrad. |
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Definition
a major tuning point in the Soviet Union, and one of the costliest of the war; In 1942, Hitler was determined to take Stalin's namesake city & Stalin was equally determined not to let it fall; the Soviets end up encircling their attackers and the Germans finally surrender in Jan. 1943
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Term
10. Battle of the Bulge
Germany started off good but lost at the Battle of the Bulge. |
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Definition
Dec. 1944 - Jan 1945; Germany launches its last massive counterattack of WWII, and there were great losses on both sides; the U.S. suffers the most casualties here out of all the WWII battles: 19,000 dead: Germany holds off Allied advance for about 6 week but eventually loses their foothold
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Term
11. Berlin Blockade/Airlift
The Berlin Blockade raised tensions during the cold war. |
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Definition
June 1948 - May 1949, during the Cold War, Stalin tries to completely control Berlin, even though it was occupied and divided by all 4 victorious Allies, by sealing off every railroad and highway into the Western sectors of the city. Western powers responded to the blockade by supplying West Berliners with food and fuel via cargo planes for more than a year - and the Soviets end their blockade but tensions between the countries grows deeper
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Term
12. Big Three
The Big Three were an alliance but mistrusted each other. |
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Definition
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
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13. Blitzkrieg
Hitler used his very successful battle strategy called, Blitzkrieg. |
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Definition
"lightning war", where Hitler used improved tank & airpower technology to strike a devastating blow against the enemy
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14. Cold War
The Cold War was a very scary war threat. |
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Definition
this unfriendly relationship between the US and the Soviet Union after the Second World War
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15. D-Day
D-Day was a huge turning point in the war. |
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Definition
June 6, 1944; Allies invade France; 176,000 troops land on the beaches of Normandy
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Term
16. The Final Solution
Hitler came up with his Final Solution which he thought would fix Europe. |
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Definition
Adolf Hitler's plan to remove Jewish people from Europe by killing them all
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Term
17. Guernica
Guernica suffered some of the worst bombings. |
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Definition
a town in the Basque area of northern Spain, which was destroyed by bombs dropped by German aircraft in 1937, during the Spanish Civil War.
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Term
18. Haile Selassie
Haile Selassie was a very recognized leader of Ethiopia. |
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Definition
the emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, who is remembered especially for having modernized his country
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Term
19. Munich Conference
The Munish Conference was a practice of appeasement. |
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Definition
Sept. 1938, British & French persuaded the Czechs to surrender the Sudetenland to Hitler
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Term
20. Hiroshima
Hiroshima was one of the first places where an atomic bomb was used. |
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Definition
a city in Japan which was destroyed in 1945 during World War II, when a U.S. nuclear bomb was dropped on it, killing very many people
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Term
21. Kamikaze Pilots
Kamikaze Pilots were very desperate. |
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Definition
Japanese pilots who undertook suicide missions, crashing their explosive-laden airplanes into American warships
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Term
22. Reparations
Germany has had to pay reparations for 2 wars in a row. |
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Definition
money paid by a defeated country after a war (ex. Germany), for all the deaths, damage etc it has caused
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Term
23. Miracle of Dunkirk
A lot of cornered allies troops were rescued in the Miracle of Dunkirk. |
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Definition
British sent all available naval vessels, merchant ships, and fishing boats across the English Channel and despite German air attacks, the armada ferried more than 300,000 troops to safety in Britain; this heroic rescue raised British morale
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Term
24. Nazi-Soviet Pact
Hitler ended up breaking the Nazi-Soviet Pact. |
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Definition
publicly bound Hitler & Stalin to peaceful relations; but secretly the 2 agreed not to fight if the other went to war to divide up Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe between them
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Term
25. NATO
NATO was an alliance of the US and European countries. |
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Definition
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a group of countries including the US and several European countries, which give military help to each other
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Term
26. Pearl Harbor
The Japanese brought war to America when they bombed Pearl Harbor. |
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Definition
an important US naval base in Hawaii, which was suddenly attacked by Japanese planes in December 1941. Many warships were destroyed or damaged, and this caused great shock and anger in the US, and made the US start fighting in World War II.
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Term
27. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
The Axis Powers majorly lost WWII. |
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Definition
The Axis Powers; the 3 countries agreed to fight Soviet communism, and not to interfere with one another's for territorial expansion
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Term
28. Treaty of Versailles (regards to Germany)
The Treaty of Versailles was very harsh on Germany. |
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Definition
a peace agreement made in 1919 at Versailles in France, following the defeat of Germany in World War I, between Germany and the allies (=the countries that fought against Germany in the war, including France, Russia, the UK, and the US). According to the treaty, Germany lost some of its land and had to agree to pay large amounts of money to the allies for damage caused by the war. The treaty also established the League of Nations
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Term
29. League of Nations
The League of Nations was not really effective because they could not enforce anything. |
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Definition
an international organization that was established after World War I to encourage countries to work together and achieve international peace. It was replaced in 1946 by the United Nations
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30. Total War
Total War brought a lot of production into the UNoted States. |
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Definition
channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort
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31. Truman Doctrine
The United States tried stopping communism with the Truman Doctrine. |
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Definition
United States policy, established in 1947, of trying to contain the spread of communism
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32. United Nations
The United Nations were formed in order to ensure peace. |
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Definition
1st meeting in April 1945, 50 nations met to draft the charter for the UN; each member nation has 1 vote in the General Assembly; a smaller body, the Security Council has greater power and is made up of 5 permanent members: The U.S., Russia, Britain, France, and China; final ratification in Oct. 1945; currently 192 member countries
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Term
33. V-E day
V-E Day was different in Europe than in the United States. |
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Definition
Victory in Europe Day; May 8th 1945, the day on which victory in Europe in World War II was celebrated
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