1. Battle of the Bulge

The Batte of Bulge had a long stand off.

Dec. 1944 - Jan 1945; Germany launches its last massive counterattack of WWII, and there were great losses on both sides; the U.S. suffers the most casualties here out of all the WWII battles: 19,000 dead: Germany holds off Allied advance for about 6 week but eventually loses their foothold

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2. Cold War

The Cold War was very costly for both governments.

this unfriendly relationship between the US and the Soviet Union after the Second World War

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3.Reparations

Germany had to pay Reparations after WW1

money paid by a defeated country after a war (ex. Germany), for all the deaths, damage etc it has caused

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4. Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of Stalingrad was the stopping point for German invasion

a major tuning point in the Soviet Union, and one of the costliest of the war; In 1942, Hitler was determined to take Stalin's namesake city & Stalin was equally determined not to let it fall; the Soviets end up encircling their attackers and the Germans finally surrender in Jan. 1943

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5. Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine supported Democrocy

United States policy, established in 1947, of trying to contain the spread of communism

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6. Anschluss

Anschluss was driven by resource gain

the name given to the events in which Hitler's Germany took control of Austria in 1938

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7. Appeasement

Democratic goverments used appeasements.

 giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace

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8. The Battle of Alamein

The Battle of Alamein was another turning point of the war.

In Egypt, the British finally stopped the German advance during the long Battle. They then turned the tables on the Germans, driving the Axis forces back across Libya into Tunisia.

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9. Atlantic Charter

The Atlantic Charter was the discussion of plans to end the war  

Aug. 1941, Roosevelt & Churchill met on a warship in the Atlantic in which the 2 leaders set goals for the war (such as "the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny") and for the postwar world 

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10. V-E day 

V-E day was the official end of WWII

Victory in Europe Day; May 8th 1945, the day on which victory in Europe in World War II was celebrated

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11. Treaty of Versailles

The Treay of Versailles marked the end of WWI

a peace agreement made in 1919 at Versailles in France, following the defeat of Germany in World War I, between Germany and the allies (=the countries that fought against Germany in the war, including France, Russia, the UK, and the US). According to the treaty, Germany lost some of its land and had to agree to pay large amounts of money to the allies for damage caused by the war. The treaty also established the League of Nations

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12. D-Day

D-Day was when Allies made a push against the Axis Powers

June 6, 1944; Allies invade France; 176,000 troops land on the beaches of Normandy 

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13. Blitzkrieg

Hitler used the Blitzkrieg.

"lightning war", where Hitler used improved tank & airpower technology to strike a devastating blow against the enemy

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14. Armistice

Nations sign an armistice after war.

an agreeement to stop fighting 

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15. The Allies

The Allies won the war

Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union

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16. Berlin Blockade

Berlin Blockade was an attempt made by Stalin.

June 1948 - May 1949, during the Cold War, Stalin tries to completely control Berlin, even though it was occupied and divided by all 4 victorious Allies, by sealing off every railroad and highway into the Western sectors of the city. Western powers responded to the blockade by supplying West Berliners with food and fuel via cargo planes for more than a year - and the Soviets end their blockade but tensions between the countries grows deeper

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17. Miracle of Dunkirk

Miracle of Dunkirk saved many lives 

British sent all available naval vessels, merchant ships, and fishing boats across the English Channel and despite German air attacks, the armada ferried more than 300,000 troops to safety in Britain; this heroic rescue raised British morale

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18. Kamikaze Pilots

Kamikaze Pilots did not fear death.

Japanese pilots who undertook suicide missions, crashing their explosive-laden airplanes into American warships

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19. NATO

NATO was mostly made of Democratic governments

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a group of countries including the US and several European countries, which give military help to each other

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20. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was the enemy of Allies

The Axis Powers; the 3 countries agreed to fight Soviet communism, and not to interfere with one another's for territorial expansion

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21. Big Three

The Big Three were the head of the Allies

22. Haile Selassie

Haile Selassie was a modernized emperor of his time.

the emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, who is remembered especially for having modernized his country

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23. The Final Solution

The Final Solution led to many deaths.

Adolf Hitler's plan to remove Jewish people from Europe by killing them all

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24. Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor was a devastating day for Americans

an important US naval base in Hawaii, which was suddenly attacked by Japanese planes in December 1941. Many warships were destroyed or damaged, and this caused great shock and anger in the US, and made the US start fighting in World War II.

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25. United Nations

The United Nations resolved world conflicts

1st meeting in April 1945, 50 nations met to draft the charter for the UN; each member nation has 1 vote in the General Assembly; a smaller body, the Security Council has greater power and is made up of 5 permanent members: The U.S., Russia, Britain, France, and China; final ratification in Oct. 1945; currently 192 member countries

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26. Battle of Midway

Battle of Midway was a victory for the U.S.

June 4-7, 1942 (6 months after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor); The United States discovers Japan's intended trap at the Midway Atoll and instead the U.S. ambushes the Japanese and they suffer heavy losses and never really recover from this counter-attack

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27. League of Nations

League of Nations did not have a lot of power

an international organization that was established after World War I to encourage countries to work together and achieve international peace. It was replaced in 1946 by the United Nations

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28. Total War

Total War needs full state cooperation.

channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort

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29. Guernica

Guernica was heavily bombed.

a town in the Basque area of northern Spain, which was destroyed by bombs dropped by German aircraft in 1937, during the Spanish Civil War.

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30. Aryans

Aryans were believed to be the master race.

someone from Northern Europe, especially someone with blond hair and blue eyes

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31. Munich Conference

Munich Conference was the start of appeasements.

32. Nazi-Soviet Pact

Nazi-Soviet Pact was the start of the Eastern Europe takeover.

33. Hiroshima

Hiroshima was the last nuclear bomb site.

a city in Japan which was destroyed in 1945 during World War II, when a U.S. nuclear bomb was dropped on it, killing very many people

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