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Definition
the last event of many that finally causes something to happen.
Usually does not have a long history. it is spontaneous.
Example: Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand |
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Term
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Definition
An event that has gone on for a long time.
It usually is one of many. That led up to a crisis.
Example: Nationalism |
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| Reasons why countries start wars |
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Definition
Religion/racism
Threats
Revenge |
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Term
| Four long term causes of WWI |
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Definition
Militarism
Alliance System
Imperialism
Nationalism |
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Term
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Definition
The belief in the power of armies and navies to decide issues.
"Might makes right"
Britain, France and Germany. All feared that the others were becoming too powerful, and invested more resources in their own armies. |
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Definition
| Nations bonding together for protection against enemies. Offered some protection BUT meant that members were obligated to defend other members of the alliance. |
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Definition
The triple entente: France, Russia, Britain.
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. |
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Definition
The assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand (Air to the Austria-Hungary throne.)
Shooter Gavrillo Princip (Member of the black hand-Serbian terrorist group)
In Sarajevo (Capital of Bosnia) The black hand wanted Bosnia to be allowed to leave the Austro-Hungarian empire and join Serbia. |
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Definition
1) All involved in assassinations would be punished.
2) Put down all hatred against Austria-Hungary.
3) Allowed officials from Austria-Hungary into Serbia to crush the black hand. |
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Term
| What was the cause for Serbia not agreeing with the third condition? |
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Definition
| Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. |
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Term
| Which Serbia ally was the first to get its army ready? |
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Definition
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| Why did Germany feel threatened? |
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Definition
| Because they shared a Russian border and ordered Russia to stop. |
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Term
| Why did Germany declare war against France and Russia? |
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Definition
| Because Russia refused to stop the war. |
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Term
| How did Germany attack France? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Britain declare war on Germany? |
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Definition
| Because they had promised to defend Belgium's neutrality. |
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Term
| English Canadians reaction and treatment to war. |
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Definition
Relief from recession.
Quick to enlist.
Celebrated war.
Encouraged to volunteer.
Everything was English based. |
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Term
| French Canadians reaction and treatment to war. |
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Definition
Weren't excited.
Exclusively Canadian.
British affairs shouldn't involve Canadians.
Quebec women produced ammunition.
Were encouraged to enlist but everything was English based. |
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Term
| Native people reaction and treatment to war. |
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Definition
Some were very enthusiastic.
Support from home: Victory bonds.
Women started charity groups.
Discouraged from joining until 1915 when volunteers were scarce. |
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Term
| Black Canadians reaction and treatment to war. |
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Definition
Rejected from joining even though they really wanted to join.
Forced to do manual labor like logging and trench digging and they were discriminated against. |
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Term
| Japanese Canadians reaction and treatment to war. |
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Definition
Wanted to volunteer because they thought they'd be showing loyalty to Canada.
They were discriminated against and rejected.
They were recruited in 1915 but then were sent home. |
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Term
| Ukrainian Canadians reaction and treatment to war. |
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Definition
They wanted to enlist to fight against Austria-Hungary.
Referred to as "Enemy aliens".
Arrested and detained if true identity was revealed. |
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Term
| Purpose of The Schlieffen Plan |
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Definition
To avoid Germany fighting a war on two fronts. (France and Russia)
Germany could have a quick victory. |
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Term
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Definition
Attack France through the French/German border.
Surprised attack France through neutral Belgium and surround the French army (Britain has promised to protect Belgium but Germany didn't think they would follow through).
After France was defeated in three weeks, attack Russia before they are ready. |
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Term
| Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail? |
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Definition
Germany thought the Belgians would let them pass. But they didn't and delayed the German army.
Britain supported Belgium and quickly sent in troops to help.
The French were NOT surprised.
The plan was inflexible.
Russia moved quicker than expected |
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Term
| Who made decisions regarding how Canadian troops were used at the beginning of the war? |
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Definition
| Ordered by British officers |
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Term
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Definition
| The British line bulged into the German line, creating a salient. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Offensive used during second battle of Ypres. |
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Definition
| Chlorine gas (French troops were hit the hardest) |
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Term
| Canadian and British soldiers were left to _______ During second battle of Ypres. |
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Definition
| Close the gap while Germans attacked behind the gas. |
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Term
| Canadian casualties during second battle of Ypres |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Ypres prove about the rest of the war? |
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Definition
| It would be long, one side would attack and then the other would improve defense across the western front. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What was special about Vimy Ridge? |
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Definition
First time Canadians fought together with a Canadian leader in WWI
First major victory for the allies |
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Term
| Four ways Arthur Currie won the battle for the allies |
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Definition
Made use of information (Airplanes to take pictures, all soldiers knew the plan, all soldiers had maps)
Used a nearby hill to practise attack
Creeping barrage (Protected soldier, surprised Germans)
Use of small groups (Each group was given a specific objective, lots of planning required) |
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Term
| Third battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Haig decide after the battle of Somme? |
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Definition
| An offensive in Flanders Field could win the war for the British. |
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Term
| What was the plan during the third battle of Ypres? |
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Definition
| Attack from the Ypres salient, break through the German lines, force the Germans up the channel coast 30 km away. |
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Term
| What happens from July to October 1917? |
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Definition
| The British slowly pushed the Germans 6 km away. |
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Term
| When Haig couldn't carry out the offensive, who did he turn to? |
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Definition
The Canadian corps.
They applied the same offensive performed during Vimy Ridge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Half the Canadian Corps attacked and made little progress and lots of causalities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The second half of the Canadian corps attacked in the place of the dead's first half. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Canadians captured Passchendaele with 15.6k casualties. |
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Term
| First use of gas in warfare? |
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Definition
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Term
| At this battle wounded soldiers often drowned in mud |
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Definition
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Term
| Canadian soldiers held off the attack by taking the place of French troops that fled. |
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Definition
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Term
| Allied casualties in this battle totalled 623000 including 60000 killed on July 1st 1916 |
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Definition
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| Wounded allies gained 6km during this battle at the cost of 60k |
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Definition
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Term
| In this battle there were 6000 Canadian casualties. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The British general responsible for planning the battle of the Somme and the third battle of Ypres. |
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Term
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Definition
| Canadian officer responsible for planning the attack on Vimy Ridge. |
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Term
| When was the war measures act passed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the war measures act? |
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Definition
It gave the government extreme power
Allows the cabinet to rule by decree
Allows people to be arrested without trial |
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Term
| What problems came from Sam Hughes handling supplies? |
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Definition
He liked working with friends.
Gave contracts to friends.
He shipped 2 million cardboard soled shoes over seas. |
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Term
| What is the IMB? How is it significant? |
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Definition
The organization responsible for purchasing and sending supplies to troops over seas.
It produced arms, helped win the war and created a new industrial base. |
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Term
| What was the cost for Canada to participate in WWI per day? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were three methods that the government used to raise money? |
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Definition
War loans
Victory bonds
Income war tax (3%) |
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Term
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Definition
Munitions factory worker
Nurses |
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Term
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Definition
Served in field hospitals
Experienced enemy shells exploding
Chlorine gas |
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Term
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Definition
Charity administered by rich men's wives.
20$ a month
Weren't allowed to have any luxury items while receiving this money. |
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Term
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Definition
| The monte blanc hit a Norwegian ship and created the biggest man made explosion in Halifax Nova Scotia in 1917. |
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Term
| Why did conscription become necessary in 1917? |
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Definition
Casualties were exceeding enlistments.
Men were being killed faster than they could be replaced |
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Term
| What had Prime minister Borden promise? |
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Definition
| Field in army of half a million soldiers with no conscription. |
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Term
| Why did Borden break his promise? |
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Definition
| He visited wounded soldiers in France and Britain and realized conscription was necessary in order to support soldiers already enlisted. |
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Term
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Definition
Leader of opposition
Believed conscription would tear Canada apart. |
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Term
| Groups that oppose conscription |
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Definition
Farmers
Non English speaking immigrants
Pacifist
French Canadians |
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Term
| August 1917 what was passed |
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Definition
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