Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| To transmit messages from the brain to the rest of the body |
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Term
| What is the PNS and it's purpose? |
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Definition
| The nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. connects the CNS to the rest of the body |
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Term
| What are the two divisions of the PNS and what do they do? |
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Definition
Somatic Division - voluntary muscle activation
Autonomic Division - Controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
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Term
| What is the purpose of dendrites? |
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Definition
| receives info from adjacent neurons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transmits signals away from the soma toward other neurons |
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Term
| What is the Myelin Sheath? |
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Definition
| layer of fatty tissue that encase the axon |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the terminal buttons? |
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Definition
| transmit signals to dendrites of adjacent neurons |
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Term
| What is a synaptic cleft? |
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Definition
| the gap between axon tip of sending neuron (pre-synaptic) and the dendrite of the receiving neuron (post-synaptic) |
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Term
| what is a neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
| chemicals that transmit information from on neuron to another |
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Term
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Definition
| stable, negative charge of a neuron when it is inactive |
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Term
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Definition
a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
• Generated by the movement of positively charged ions in and out of the axon’s membrane |
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Term
| what is the absolute refractory period? |
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Definition
| time when a membrane is not excitable |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the thalamus |
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Definition
| relay center for incoming sensory information (with the exception of smell) |
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Term
| what is the purpsoe of the amygdala |
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Definition
| limbic system structure involved in emotion and aggression, allows us to sense when we are supposed to be scared of something |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the hippocampus |
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Definition
| limbic system structure involved in learning and memory, one of the most adaptive parts of the brain |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the cerebellum |
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Definition
| coordinates fine muscle movement, balance |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the medulla |
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Definition
| regulates vital functions such as breathing and circulation |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the pons? |
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Definition
| involved in sleep and arousal |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| “master” gland that regulates other endocrine glands |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the hypothalamus |
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Definition
| regulates basic biological needs: hungers, thirst, temperature control |
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Term
| what is the purpose of the cerebrum |
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Definition
| involved in sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement |
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Term
| what is a CT (Computed Tomography) Scan |
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Definition
| x-rays to study narrow slices of the brain. brain structure is it's primary focus |
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Term
| what is an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) |
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Definition
| uses magnetic fields and radio waves. focuses on structure. high resolution |
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Term
| what is a PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Scan |
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Definition
| measures brain activity. color coded map |
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Term
| what is an fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) |
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Definition
| monitors blood and oxygen flow in the brain. structural and functional information |
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Term
| what do each of the hemispheres in the brain control? |
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Definition
left - verbal processing: language, speech, reading, writing
right - nonverbal processing: spatial, musical, visual recognition |
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Term
| what are the four lobes of the brain and their main purposes? |
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Definition
Occipital – vision
Parietal– somatosensory (tactile)
Temporal – auditory
Frontal – movement, executive control systems |
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Term
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Definition
Area in the left frontal love, controls language expression by directing muscle movement involved in the production of speech
Aphasia: the loss of a previously held ability to speak or understand spoken or written language, due to disease or injury of the brain |
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