Term
|
Definition
| No signs of secondary sex characteristics at age 13 (girls) and 14 (boys). 95% are physiologic delay. Hormone levels are normal. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal pathway is intact. Tends to be familial and gender related. More common in boys. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Onset of puberty before 6 (black girls), 7 (white girls), and 9 (boys). More common in girls. May be obesity related. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lack of menarche and development of secondary sexual characteristics by age 14. Lack of menses even with sex characteristics by 16.5 |
|
|
Term
| What is secondary Amenorrhea? |
|
Definition
| Absence of menstruation for 3 or more cycles of 6 months in women who have previously menstruated. |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of secondary Amenorrhea? |
|
Definition
| Dramatic weight loss, excessive exercise, overproduction of prolactin. Pregnancy is the most common cause. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not related to pelvic disease. Excessive endometrial prostaglandin secretion during the uterine cycle. Decreases with age, symptoms are backache, pelvic pain, vomiting, diarrhea, syncope, and headache. |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Dysmenorrhea? |
|
Definition
| Oral contraceptives and prostaglandin inhibitors. |
|
|
Term
| What is secondary dysmenorrhea (painful menses)? |
|
Definition
| Caused by an underlying pelvic disease. Pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis and adhesion's. |
|
|
Term
| What is premenstrual syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Cyclic physical, physiologic, or behavioral changes that impair interpersonal relationships and activities. |
|
|
Term
| What causes premenstrual syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Abnormal tissue response to the normal fluctuations on the menstrual cycle. |
|
|
Term
| What is Dysphoria treated with? |
|
Definition
| Antidepressants, suggesting a disorder of decreased synaptic levels of serotonin. |
|
|
Term
| What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding? |
|
Definition
| Abnormal uterine bleeding from disturbances of the menstrual cycle, usually anovulation. Diagnosis of exclusion. |
|
|
Term
| What are causes of dysfunctional uterine bleeding? |
|
Definition
| Failure to ovulate due to age, stress, or endocrinopathy are the most common causes. Progesterone/estrogen imbalance leading to incomplete sloughing of endometrium. Occurs mostly in adolescents and perimenopausal. |
|
|
Term
| What is polycycstic ovarian syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Most common endocrine disturbance in the US (5-10%). Usually affecting younger women. Familial and is leading cause of anovulation/infertility. Hypertension, Dyslipidemias, Hyperinsulinemia. |
|
|
Term
| How does polycystic ovarian syndrome manifest? |
|
Definition
| Infertility, hirsuitism (abnormal hairiness), acne, thyroid disease, Cushing syndrome, and often progresses to a diabetes mellitus. |
|
|
Term
| What is pelvic inflammatory disease? |
|
Definition
| An acute, inflammation of the upper genital tract. Often causes by a STI (gonorrhea and chlamydia). Considered a polymicrobial infection. |
|
|
Term
| What are complications of pelvic inflammatory disease? |
|
Definition
| Tubonecrosis, pelvic adhesion's, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease? |
|
Definition
| Purulent vaginal discharge and severe pelvic tenderness. It is often confused with endometriosis symptoms in the ER. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An infection/inflammation of the vagina commonly caused by Candida albicans. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with an imbalance in the bacteria that are normally found in a women's vagina. |
|
|
Term
| What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)? |
|
Definition
| Associated with bacterium of the Gardnerella species and there is a characteristic "fishy smell". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An inflammation of the cervix. Mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC) usually cause by on or more STD's. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when you get Mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC)? |
|
Definition
| Cervix becomes red and edematous. Mucopurulent exudate drains from the cervical opening. Pelvic pain, bleeding, and dysuria. Treated with antibiotic therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An inflammation of the skin (dermatitis) of the vulva and often the perianal area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soaps, lotions, detergents, hygienic sprays, menstrual pads, perfumed toilet paper, or tight fitting non-absorbent clothes. Vaginal infections and STD's that spread to the labia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of one or both of the ducts and glands near the vaginal opening. Greater vestibular gland is the Bartholin gland. |
|
|
Term
| What is usually associated with bartholinitis? |
|
Definition
| Vulvitis, cervicitis, and urethritis. |
|
|
Term
| What causes a Bartholin cyst? |
|
Definition
| Narrowing of the distal duct. |
|
|
Term
| What are benign ovarian cysts? |
|
Definition
| Common but usually early or late reproductive years. Functional cysts, follicular cysts, and corpus luteum cysts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Associated with early menarche, infertility, frequent menstruation's, pelvic pain, and nulliparity. |
|
|
Term
| What are some theories for a cause of endometriosis? |
|
Definition
| Depressed T-cytotoxic cells tolerate ectopic tissue. Backflow of menstrual tissue. |
|
|
Term
| Endometriosis responds how to hormonal stimulation? |
|
Definition
| Causes bleeding, pelvic adhesion, and pain. Sites are ovaries, peritoneal surfaces, uterus, bladder, uterine tubes and uterine ligaments. |
|
|
Term
| What is fibrocystic breast disease? |
|
Definition
| Palpable lumps in the breast that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle. |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of fibrocystic breast disease? |
|
Definition
| Cystic, fibrous, and epithelial proliferative. |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for fibrocystic breast disease? |
|
Definition
| Cyst drainage, surgical, excision, and pain relief. |
|
|
Term
| How does fibrocystic breast disease affect cancer? |
|
Definition
| Makes detection more difficult. |
|
|
Term
| What are the factors contributing to breast cancer? |
|
Definition
| Hormones (long term estrogen exposure), familial (2-3 X higher risk), Environmental (ionizing radiation, high fat), and Reproductive (protective effect of early first full term pregnancy). |
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for ovarion cancer? |
|
Definition
| Obscure but sibling with ovarian or breast cancer is one, so is nulliparity. Mortality rates are high due to scarcity of early symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
| Human papilloma virus, other STD's, early sexual activity, multiple sex partners, smoking, diet, and vitamin deficiencies. |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
| Pain, abdominal swelling, and post menopausal bleeding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the urethra without bladder involvement. Caused by STD's, Nonsexual origins can be due to urologic procedures, insertion of foreign objects, anatomical abnormalities, or trauma. |
|
|
Term
| What is urethral stricture? |
|
Definition
| Fibrotic narrowing of the urethra because of scarring. Trauma or untreated urethral infections. |
|
|
