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WSU Lab Exam
Bold Terms
114
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Microorganism
Definition
any living organism that must be examined with a microscope
Term
Ocular
Definition
Magnifying lens usually 10X
Term
Body Tube
Definition
mirrors/prisms to make image
Term
Objective lens
Definition
magnify the speciment (10X, 40X, 100X)
Term
Stage
Definition
platform that holds slide
Term
Mechanical Stage
Definition
allows slide to be moved on the stage
Term
Coarse Knob
Definition
focuses in 10X and 40X
Term
Fine Knob
Definition
Focuses in on small things
Term
Condenser
Definition
focus light on stage
Term
Iris Diapgragm
Definition
controls amount of light able to enter
Term
Light Source
Definition
provides illumination
Term
Aseptic
Definition
free of contamination
Term
Contaminants
Definition
unwanted organisms
Term
bacterial smears
Definition
preparations of cultures using thin smear of culture
Term
simple stain
Definition
easy to distinguish organisms and background, positive charge and attracted to negative charged bacteria
Term
morphology
Definition
shape
Term
Coccus
Definition
round shaped
Term
bacillus
Definition
rod shaped
Term
heat fixed
Definition
act of drying out bacteria so the cells will stay in place for staining
Term
negative stain
Definition
used in seeing size/shape by not using harsh dyes or heat that could distort organism. Congo red and nigrosin have negative charges and are repelled by the negatively charged bacteria. cells are left unstained, background is stained
Term
Differential stains
Definition
allows ppl to see difference between organisms or parts of the same organism
Term
Primary Stain
Definition
stains all cells
Term
decolorizing
Definition
removes stain from certain types of cells
Term
counterstain
Definition
stains cells that have lost the color of the primary stain
Term
Gram positive
Definition
cell walls have thick peptidogylcan layer. Stained Purple
Term
Gram negative
Definition
cell walls have thin peptidoglycan layer as well as LPS layer. Stained Red.
Term
Gram Stain
Definition
Smear is heat fixed. Flood with crystal violet. Rinse slide with water. Flood with gram's iodine. Rinse with water. Decolorize with ethanol acetone soln. Rinse with water. Flood with safranin. Rinse with water. Blot with bibulous paper. Examine under oil immersion.
Term
Mordant
Definition
enhances crystal violet stain on gram positive cells.
Term
Capsule
Definition
layer surrounding and attached to cell wall made of proteins. Prevents drying of organism, helps organism hide from immune system, traps other plaque.
Term
Capsule Stain
Definition
Congo red is applied to slide, culture is mixed in, prepare a thin smear, let air dry, flood with AM capsule stain, rinse with deionized water, examine under oil immersion. Stain with be red cell with clear zone (capsule) with stained background.
Term
Endospore
Definition
formed in environmental stress and keep the dna safe to "start" back up again
Term
Germinate
Definition
endospores go to vegetative cells to start again
Term
vegetative cells
Definition
makes pathogen when environmental conditions are met
Term
spore coat
Definition
tought outer layer that is not readily stained so must have extreme conditions to drive stain into spore
Term
free endospore
Definition
not in a vegetative cell
Term
subterminal endospore
Definition
located inside cell to the left
Term
central endospore
Definition
located inside in the middle of cell
Term
terminal endospore
Definition
located inside to the right of cell
Term
endospore stain
Definition
heat fix a smear, place on can of boiling water with extreme heat, flood smear with malachite green, keep slide from drying out, rinse with water, flood with safranin, rinse with water, dry and examine under oil immersion
Term
pure culture
Definition
only a single microbial species
Term
streak plates
Definition
culture is streaked out over agar plate to spread out culture until isolated colonies are obtained.
Term
pour plate
Definition
bacteria is mixed in a tube of melted agar, mixed and poured into petri plate
Term
Colony Forming Units
Definition
CFU, isolated colonies on surface
Term
loop dilution
Definition
mixing culture into melted agar, until CFUs are obtained
Term
Microbiological media
Definition
food required for organisms to grow
Term
liquid media
Definition
broth, tubes, etc used to grow large numbers of bacteria
Term
solid media
Definition
prepared by adding solidifying agent to liquid medium
Term
semi-solid media
Definition
adds solidifying agent but a less concentration so its jelly-like
Term
non-synthetic media
Definition
complex components whose chemical makeup is unknown
Term
synthetic media
Definition
purified and defined components
Term
enriched media
Definition
media that have added nutrients
Term
fastidious
Definition
picky-eaters
Term
selective media
Definition
favor the growth of particular media
Term
differential media
Definition
complex media but contain substances like ph indicator
Term
autoclaving sterilization
Definition
application of moist heat and pressure
Term
dry-heat sterilization
Definition
put in oven and exposed to high temps to prevent condensation
Term
UV radiation
Definition
used on surface to kill bacteria using UV lights
Term
ethylene oxide
Definition
gas used to sterilize items that are susceptible to high temps
Term
filtration
Definition
physical removal of largeish bacteria using filter
Term
Motility
Definition
ableness to move
Term
Obligate aerobes
Definition
require oxygen
Term
microaerophiles
Definition
require limited amount of oxygen, require levels of CO2
Term
aerotolerant
Definition
grow well with or w/o oxygen
Term
facultative anaerobes
Definition
grow in aerobic or anaerobic but grow better with oxygen
Term
obligate anaerobes
Definition
die in presence of oxygen
Term
reducing media
Definition
combination to reduce oxygen
Term
Acidophiles
Definition
grow in acidic environments with pH below 5.5
Term
Neutrophiles
Definition
grow in pH 5.5-8.6
Term
Alkalinophiles
Definition
grow in pH 8.7-12
Term
Psychrophiles
Definition
grow best at low temps -5 degrees-20 degrees celsius
Term
Mesophiless
Definition
grow best at 20 degrees to 45 degrees
Term
thermophiles
Definition
grow above 45 degrees celsius
Term
minimal, optimal, maximum
Definition
lowest temp, ideal temp, highest temp for growth
Term
Osmotic pressure
Definition
force which moves water from a low conc to a high conc
Term
solute
Definition
substance dissolved in a soln
Term
solvent
Definition
liquid to dissolve solute
Term
hypotonic
Definition
low water conc so cell gets water and bursts
Term
isotonic
Definition
equilibrium inside vs outside cell
Term
hypertonic
Definition
high water conc, so cell releases water and cell collapses
Term
osmophiles
Definition
grow in high conc
Term
xerophiles
Definition
grow in dry
Term
halophiles
Definition
grow in high concentrations
Term
Biochemical Fingerprint
Definition
sum of metabolic activities of an organism's enzymes
Term
amylase
Definition
enzyme that breaks down glucose into single units to be used as energy
Term
caseinase
Definition
breaks down casein into soluble units
Term
hydrolyses
Definition
breaks down
Term
DNA
Definition
gives organisms their unique characteristics
Term
Plaque
Definition
hole created by single virus invading single host cell
Term
bacteriophage
Definition
virus that only infect bacteria
Term
Opportunistic Infections
Definition
infections caused by pathogens that take advantages of certain situations. Dont cause disease in host
Term
viridans group
Definition
most common type of organism in blood
Term
transient bacteremia
Definition
localized infections that are non-multiplying
Term
sub-acute bacterial endocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the lining of heart valves
Term
continuous bacteremia
Definition
bacteria constantly fed into the blood stream
Term
septicemia
Definition
bacteremia gone bad that result in serious infection where organisms are actively growing in the blood
Term
dental caries
Definition
cavaties that form when bacteria ferment carbs on the tooths surface
Term
alpha hemolysis
Definition
destruction of RBC that form greenish area
Term
Beta hemolysis
Definition
destruction of RBC that leaves clear zone
Term
Gamma hemolysis
Definition
no effect on RBC, dont produce hemolysins
Term
transmission
Definition
spread of disease
Term
direct contact
Definition
person to person via cough, touching, air etc
Term
fomites
Definition
spread via inanimate objects
Term
vectors
Definition
spread via insect bites, etc
Term
endemic
Definition
infectious disease constantly present in population
Term
pandemic
Definition
pathogen causing disease throughout world
Term
index case
Definition
first reported case during outbreak
Term
reservoir
Definition
continuous source on infection
Term
healthy carriers
Definition
organisms spreading disease without showing any signs or symptoms
Term
pathogen
Definition
disease-causing organism
Term
broad spectrum antibiotics
Definition
treat infections by killing gram + and gram - bacteria
Term
Narrow spectrum antibiotics
Definition
very specific for one group of microorganisms
Term
antiseptics
Definition
nonselective in their action, applied to skin commonly
Term
disinfectants
Definition
nonselective in action, applied to objects like floors, tables
Term
sanitizers
Definition
kills vegetative cells, used in food industry
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