Term
| What is a pressure ulcer and how do they develop |
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Definition
| : wounds with an area of tissue necrosis. Most of these develop from soft tissue covering a bony prominence that’s pressed against an outside surface like a bed for a prolonged period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin is red but intact, blanchable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin break. Looks like an abrasion or open blister with a red pinkish layer |
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Term
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Definition
| No muscle bones or tendons. SubQ is completely open, some fat might be showing |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle and bone are showing/injured. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combo of friction and pressure. Skin sticks and doesn't move with body |
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Term
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Definition
| Force that tries to prevent the movement between two surfaces, wrinkled sheets are a big cause of this |
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Term
| Braden scale assesses what? |
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Definition
| Mental status, contienence, mobility, activity and nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| At risk. Protect heels, use pressure reducing support surface, Repo q2hr, maximize mobility |
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Term
| Braden Scale moderate risk |
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Definition
| 13-14. Foam wedges for 30 degree lateral positioning |
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Term
| Braden scale high risk 10-12 |
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Definition
| Increase turning frequency, small shifts of position |
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Term
| Very high risk braden scale |
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Definition
| 9 or below. Use pressure relieving surface. Manage moisture, nutrition, friction and shear |
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Term
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Definition
| Minor burns that only damage epidermis. Pinkish to red, mild welling, skin tenderness, local pain, rare long term tissue damage |
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Term
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Definition
| Epidermis and dermis. Blisters. cause swelling and are extremely painful. Can scar. Scald injuries, burns from flame |
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Term
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Definition
| destroy epidermis and dermis. Burn area might appear white and charred. No sensation in the area because nerves have been destroyed. Heal very slowly and poorly without medical attention. New skin will NOT grow. Pts will need skin grafting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Over-hydration of cells. Causes changes of skin pH, erosion |
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Term
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Definition
| Stringy, soft white or yellow. Must be removed |
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Term
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Definition
| Black, brown tissue that needs to be removed before healing can take place |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bright red thick indicative of active bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Thick, yellowish black or brown and often has an odor |
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Term
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Definition
| skin discoloration, warmth, swelling |
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Term
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Definition
| 24-48 hours after surgery. 2nd most common nosocomial infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| emergency requires surgical repair. Sterile dressings soaked in sterile saline should be immediately placed over the protruding organs and a surgeon should be notified |
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Term
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Definition
| oldest and most common. Absorbant and useful to wick away wound exudate |
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Term
| Transparent film (tegaderm) |
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Definition
trap moisture over wound and permit viewing of wound. Does not require secondary dressing. Ideal for small superficial wounds.
Hydrocolloid: adhesive and occlusive. Forms a gel and helps maintain a moist environment. Cannot be used for wounds with heavy exudate or drainage. Most useful on shallow wounds to moderately deep ulcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| gauze or sheet dressings with water or glycerin based gel. Good for painful wounds. Non adherent and soothing. Some require secondary dressing. Must assess for periwound masceration because it can be too moist |
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Term
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Definition
| Made from seaweed. Cannot be used in dry wounds. Good for packing. Needs secondary dressing |
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Term
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Definition
| Good for deep wounds that need packing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heel protectors, chair pillow, foam overlay, speciality beds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What type of debridement do you use for pressure ulcers? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Resolution of periwound redness? Reduction of wound dimensions? Decreased pain? Reduction in volume of exudate |
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Term
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Definition
| Vasodilation, might cause edema. Use in muscoskeletal |
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Term
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Definition
| Vasoconstriction. Use for sports injuries, strains sprains and fractures. Prolonged use impairs circulation |
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Term
| Do thermal receptors adapt over time? |
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Definition
| Yes, they increase their tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what increases alkaline phosphatase test? |
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Definition
| bone or liver damage increases the reading |
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Term
| What are imaging tests for musculoskeletal? |
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Definition
| standard radiography, MRI, ultrasound. |
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Term
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Definition
| fiberoptic tube is inserted into a joint for direct visualization |
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Term
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Definition
| it is an infectionwhat in bony tissue |
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Term
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Definition
blunt or penetrating trauma,
underlying infection
long-term catherter use
iv drug abusers
bone surgery |
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Term
| Assessment/ clincial manifestations of osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
bone pain, worse with movement
fever
tenderness, swelling redness, warmth around bone
poor distal circulation |
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Term
| Treatments for ostermyelitis? |
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Definition
antibiotic therapy - several weeks
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
sequestrectomy(debridement)
aamputation |
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Term
| what is a complete fracture? |
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Definition
| when the fracture completely seperates the bone |
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Term
| what is a incomplete fracture? |
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Definition
| when the fracture only partially effects the bone |
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Term
| what is acompound or open fracture? |
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Definition
| when the bone protrudes through the skin |
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Term
| what is a compression fracture? |
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Definition
| vertebral bone in the spine that has decreased at least 15 to 20% in height due to fracture. |
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Term
| how long dose it take for a bone to heal? |
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Definition
| bone healing completed within about 6 weeks. Up to 6 months in the older person |
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Term
| what is acute compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
| increased pressure within one or more compartments cause massive compromise of circulation to the areahttp://www.flashcardmachine.com/my-flashcards/1 |
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Term
| what are the 6 P's related to compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
| pain, pressure, paralysis, paresthesia, pallor and pulselessness |
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Term
| how long does compartment syndrome take to damage the area irreversibly? |
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Definition
| 4-6 hours, limb can become useless withing 24-48 hours |
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Term
| what procedure is performed to relieve the pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is fat embolism syndrome? |
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Definition
| fat globules are released from yellow bone marrow into the bloodstream |
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Term
| what to assess and monitor with a cast? |
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Definition
| foul odor, drainage, burning under cast, numbness/tingling, edema above or below cast |
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Term
| what is the purpose of traction care? |
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Definition
| to prevent or reduce muscle spasm, immobilize a joint or part of the body, reduce a fracture or dislocation |
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Term
| what are two types of traction? |
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Definition
skin (short term, Buck's Traction
skeletal (long term - pins through leg holding position |
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Term
| traction care involves what? |
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Definition
correct balance between traction pull and counteraction force
care of weights
skin inspection
pin care
assessment of neurovascular status |
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Term
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Definition
Tempersture
ropes hang freely
alignment
circulation
type and location of fracture
increase fluid intake
overhead trapeze
no weights on be or floor |
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Term
| Biggest risk factor for hip fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does ORIF stand for? |
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Definition
| open reduction internal fixation |
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Term
| Why should a BKA be elevated? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are possible complications of amuputation? |
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Definition
| hemorrhage, infection, phantom limb pain, flexion contracture |
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Term
| what is flexion contracture? |
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Definition
| when the leg permanently stays flexed in an upward position |
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Term
| what causes phantom pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is SLE/systemic lupus erythematosus? |
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Definition
| chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease |
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Term
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Definition
females between 15-40
africans, asian, native americans |
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Term
| Clinical manifestations for SLE? |
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Definition
butterfly rash on the face
Systemic |
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Term
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Definition
NSAIDS -reduce inflamation
Corticosteroids- immunosuppression (inflamation)
Immunosuppressant - agents to suppress immune response
antimalarial - suppression of synovitis, fever, fatigue |
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Term
| nursing interventions for SLE |
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Definition
| protect skin- mild soap , dry with patting, avoid powder, use spf30 , large brimmed hats |
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Term
| What is rheumatoid arthritis? |
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Definition
| chronic, systemic, progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease of snynovial tissue |
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Term
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Definition
females
20-50, stress, genetic predisposition |
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Term
| Early disease manifestations of RA? |
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Definition
| joint inflamation, systemic low grade fever, fatigue, weakenss |
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Term
| Late disease manifestations of RA? |
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Definition
deformaties (swan neck, ulnar deviation)
moderate to severe pain and morning stiffness |
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Term
what is the CRP for?
C-reactive protein |
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Definition
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Term
what is the ESR for?
erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
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Definition
| confirms inflammation or infection anywhere in the body |
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Term
| nonpharmacological pains measures for RA? |
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Definition
| rest, heated paraffin dips, hot packs, plasmapheresis |
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Term
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Definition
noninflammatory, non systemic disease
degenerative, just one effected error (like constant kneeling to on knee) |
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Term
| Manifestations for osteoarthritis? |
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Definition
| MORNING STIFFNESS, chronic joint pain and stiffness, enlarged joints, |
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Term
| interventions for osteoarthritis? |
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Definition
| local rest, use cane, rest whole body, heat/cool joints. |
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Term
| what is the ratio from weight to joint weight? |
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Definition
| 1 POUND OF WEIGHT = 6 POUNDS ON JOINT |
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Term
| Surgical management for osteoarthritis? |
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Definition
| arthroscopy to remove damaged cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic metabolic disease, in which bone loss causes decreased density and possible fracture |
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Term
| What are the two theories of osteoporosis? |
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Definition
1.)increased osteoclast and decreased osteoblastic function
2.)osteoblasts have shorter life span or less efficient in osteroporosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| clinical manifestations of osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| loss of height, back pain caused by a fracture or collapsed vetebra, stooped posture, respiratory issues |
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Term
| best way to diagnose osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) |
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Term
| treatment of osteoporosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does Alendronate (Fosamax) do? |
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Definition
| slows bone loss while increasing bone mass |
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Term
| what important teaching is related to Fosamax and Actonel? |
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Definition
| sit upright for at least 30 minutes after taking this medication |
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Term
| what important teaching is related to Boniva? |
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Definition
| Sit upright for at least 60 minues after taking |
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