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| the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. |
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| an act or policy of restricting the territorial growth or ideological influence of another, esp. a hostile nation. |
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| to bring to a state of peace, quiet, ease, calm, or contentment; pacify; soothe |
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| the policy or doctrine of isolating one's country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc., seeking to devote the entire efforts of one's country to its own advancement and remain at peace by avoiding foreign entanglements and responsibilities. |
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| refusal to engage in military activity because of one's principles or beliefs. |
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| a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. |
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| an act or policy of restricting the territorial growth or ideological influence of another, esp. a hostile nation. |
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| a swift, sudden military offensive, usually by combined air and mobile land forces. |
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| intense economic, political, military, and ideological rivalry between nations, short of military conflict; sustained hostile political policies and an atmosphere of strain between opposed countries. |
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10. Scorched Earth Policy |
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| An anti-takeover strategy that a firm undertakes by liquidating its valuable and desired assets and assuming liabilities in an effort to make the proposed takeover unattractive to the acquiring firm. |
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| to travel from island to island, esp. to visit a series of islands in the same chain or area. |
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| (sometimes initial capital letters[image]) a barrier to understanding and the exchange of information and ideas created by ideological, political, and military hostility of one country toward another, esp. such a barrier between the Soviet Union and its allies and other countries. |
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The German state from 1933 to 1945 under Adolf Hitler.
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| great or complete devastation or destruction, esp. by fire. |
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| (German pronunciation: literally "Crystal night") or the Night of Broken Glass was an anti-Jewish pogrom in Nazi |
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| Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945). |
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| Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945) |
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| soviet politican. The successor of Lenin, he was general secretary of the Communist party and premoer of the USSR |
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| Japanese army officer who initiated the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and who assumed dictatorial control of Japan during World War II; he was subsequently tried and executed as a war criminal (1884-1948) |
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| elected vice president in Roosevelt's 4th term; became 33rd President of the United States on Roosevelt's death in 1945 and was elected President in 1948; authorized the use of atomic bombs against Japan (1884-1972) |
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32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II (1882-1945) |
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| United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961) |
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| United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959) |
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| British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953 (1874-1965) |
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| Emperor of Japan (1926-1989) who advocated the Japanese government's unconditional surrender that ended World War II (1945). In 1946 he renounced his divine status. |
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| American general who served as U.S. chief of staff (1930-1935) and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II. After losing the Philippines to the Japanese (1942), he regained the islands (1944) and accepted the surrender of Japan (1945). He commanded the United Nations forces in Korea (1950-1951) until a conflict in strategies led to his dismissal by President Harry S. Truman. His father, Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912), commanded American troops in the Spanish-American War and thwarted Emilio Aguinaldo's insurgence in the Philippines |
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| United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959) |
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| , Chinese army officer and political leader: president of the Republic of China 1950–75. |
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| Chinese Communist leader and theorist. A founder of the Chinese Communist Party (1921), he led the Long March (1934-1935) and proclaimed the People's Republic of China in 1949. As party chairman and the country's first head of state (1949-1959) he initiated the Great Leap Forward and the founding of communes. He continued as party chairman after 1959 and was a leading figure in the Cultural Revolution (1966-1969). In the 1970s he consolidated his political power and established ties with the West. |
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| The Munich Agreement (Czech: Mnichovská dohoda; Slovak: Mníchovská dohoda; German: Münchner Abkommen; French: Accords de Munich) was an agreement regarding the Sudetenland, |
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33. Nagasaki and Hiroshima |
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| On August 6, 1945, the United States used its massive, atomic weapon against Hiroshima, Japan. This atomic bomb, the equivalent of 20,000 tons of TNT, flattened the city, killing tens of thousands of civilians. ... There had been four cities chosen as possible targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Nagasaki, and Niigata |
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| The Final Solution (German: Die Endlösung) was Nazi Germany's plan and execution of its systematic genocide against European Jewry during World War II, resulting in the final, most deadly phase of the Holocaust (Shoah). The German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler termed it: "the final solution of the Jewish question" ("die Endlösung der Judenfrage").[1] |
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| an organization formed in Washington, D.C. (1949), comprising the 12 nations of the Atlantic Pact together with Greece, Turkey, and the Federal Republic of Germany, for the purpose of collective defense against aggression. |
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| Trials of Nazi leaders conducted after World War II. A court set up by the victorious Allies tried twenty-two former officials, including Hermann Goering, in Nuremberg, Germany, for war crimes. Goering and eleven others were sentenced to death. Many of the highest officials of Nazi Germany, including Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels, and Heinrich Himmler, had committed suicide before they could be brought to trial, and Goering killed himself before he could be executed. |
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| The Neutrality Acts were laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. They were spurred by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the US following its costly involvement in World War I, and sought to ensure that the US would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts. |
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| a plan for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II, proposed by U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall in 1947 and implemented in 1948 under the Economic Cooperation Administration. Abbreviation: ERP, E.R.P. |
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| The Battle of Britain (German: Luftschlacht um England) is the name given to the sustained strategic effort by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) during the summer and autumn of 1940 to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF), especially Fighter Command. The name derives from a speech made on 18 June 1940 in the House of Commons by Prime Minister Winston Churchill. He said: "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin |
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| Military. the day, usually unspecified, set for the beginning of a planned attack. |
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