Japan invaded in September 1931

League of Nations passed a resolution condemning Japan

Japan left League of Nations

League's lack of action showed inability to maintain peace, and was never taken seriously by aggressors

Response to invasion of Manchuria

Secretary of State Harry Stimson announced in 1932, that the US would honor the Nine-Power Treaty (1922) by refusing to recognize Japanese ownership of Manchuria because it had been established by force

Dollar diplomacy abandoned

Partnered with Latin America to defend region from foreign regimes

1934 - Platt Amendment nullified

1938 - Mexico nationalized oil, and FDR had companies negotiate for their prices

1933 - US delegation pledges to cease interventions in the internal affairs of Latin America

1936 - Buenos Aires - FDR attended - pledged to submit future disputes to arbitration, and to unite Latin America and North America if Germany attempted to attack

Hoover allowed US to participate

FDR pulled out when efforts to stabilize currencies were approached, as he feared they would hurt his own recovery plans

Republican presidents of 1920s refused to grant diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union

1933 - FDR grants recognition to improve trade and boost the economy

Secretary of State

Gave president power to reduce US tariffs by up to 50% for nations that reduced tariffs on US by an equal measure

1922 - Mussolini leads Italy's fascist party, stormed Rome, and took over government

Mussolini - El Duce - The Leader

Fascism dominant ideology for dictators in the 1930s

1920s - Nazi party forms from resentment of Treaty of Versailles

Used anti-sematism to gain supporters

1933 - Took control of legislature

Isolationists wanted to avoid war at all costs

Strongest in the midwest and among Republicans

Led by Senator Herald Nye of North Dakota

Committee concluded that bankers and arms manufacturers were behind World War II, for a profit

1935 - authorized president to prohibit arms shipments and forbid US citizens from travelling on belligerent ships

1936 - forbid extension of loans and credits to belligerents

1937 - forbid shipment of arms to opposing sides in Civil war in Spain

Mussolini took Ethiopia - no resistance from League

Rhineland - demilitarized zone - moved troops there

All American males between 21 and 35 registered for service

1.2 million drafted and trained in one year

Four Freedoms

+

Lend-Lease Act

FDR states the US must support nations behind freedom of speech, religion, from want, and from fear

Britain received all of the arms it needed on credit from the US

100,000 put in camps - 1942

Korematsu v. US - 1944

US position upheld

1988 - federal government awarded financial compensation to those who were interned

Tested July 16, 1945

Dropped on Hiroshima - August 6

Dropped on Nagasaki - August 8