Term
| LOWE: Britain's willingness into war |
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Definition
| Owed a lot to tensions generated by naval race. |
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Term
| JOLL: Willingness for war |
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Definition
| "Patriotic language with which war greeted reflected the sentiments of a national tradition absorbed over many years" |
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Term
| Some historians: Britain's fault |
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Definition
| "Br. should have made clear to Germany that would stand 'shoulder to shoulder' with French - might have deterred Germans from pursuing Schlieffen Plan." |
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Term
| Fay and Barnes: Revisionist arguments |
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Definition
Serbia, France, Russia: Directly Responsible
A-H: Less so
Germany and Britain: Least responsible
Franco-Russian alliance became offensive, manipulate any crisis
Attain key objectives: seizure of Dardanells Straits, return A-L |
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Term
| Albertini: War guilt clause |
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Definition
A-H and Ger. immediate term responsible
Austria: Ultimatum, Ger: 'naivety' in demanding localised war
Ger: fundamentally to blame, clear Br. could nto have remained neutral |
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Term
| Fischer: Responsability on Germany |
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Definition
Ruling elite, always had expansionist aims, war would allow to fulfil
Consolidate power at home, threat of socialism |
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Term
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Definition
Conservative German historians rejected view
- majority historians agree Ger. played pivotal role
Ger. desire profit diplomatically and militarily from crisis widended crisis
- stressed different issues |
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Term
| Keegan: Military historian focuses on July Crisis |
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Definition
-War in fact not inevitable
- unlikely due to interdependence and cooperation
- lack of communication during July Crisis
-A-H reluctance to act along --> escalation
- each nation failed communicate aims during crisis |
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Term
| Joll: Link impersonal forces |
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Definition
- factors beyond specific control or influence of an individual leader/regime/gov
- atmosphere of intense tension
- outbreak of war in terms of decisions taken by political leaders
- agrees decisions shaped by impersonal factors (only limited options) |
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Term
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Definition
| - stress role of capitalism and imperialism |
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Term
| Ferguson: Ger. moving away from militaristic outlook, increasing influence Social Democrat Party |
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Definition
- Br. heavily implicated
- Br. mistrusted Ger. ambitions, decided act to impede German expansionism
- does not see war as inevitable, despite forces of militarism, imperialism and secret diplomacy |
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