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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Assassination by serbian nationalist, group called: the black hand, sparked the beginning of WWI
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(The assassination provided Austria-Hungary with an excuse to take action against Serbia. During July 1914 the situation escalated, pulling in the major European powers via the complex alliance relationships each had struck up with one another. The result was world war.) |
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What is Trench Warfare?
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| This is the method of war that was used in WWI. Soldiers would dig deep trenches and if soldiers were not klilled by bullets, they were killed by unsanitary conditions of the trenches. (Men did'nt take baths, the trenches were infested with rats the size of cats, and there were rotting bodys everywhere.) |
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It was the loss of Lusitania, which had 128 Amercians on board, angered the Americans and a decision was made to join the war (WWI) in 1917
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On May 1st, 1915 the boat, Lusitania departed from New York for Liverpool, carrying 1959 passengers. German u-boats sunk the Lusitania. It was the loss of Lusitania which angered the Americans and a decision was made to join the War, Germans being scared that America would join the War, decided to suspend the U-boats operations temporarily. |
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- separating yourself from the problem and not getting involved
- referred to the U.S. not wanting to get involved in the war
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Isolationism refers to America's longstanding reluctance to become involved in European alliances and wars. Isolationists held the view that America's perspective on the world was different from that of European societies and that America could advance the cause of freedom and democracy by means other than war. |
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- Signed on June 28, 1919
- Germany had to admit that they started the war
- Germany had to repay the damage from the war
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Many experts in history say that World War II (WWII) began because of the Treaty of Versailles. This treaty was an agreement between the Allies, the winning countries of WWI, which were mainly France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The treaty was created primarily so that the Allies could decide and agree upon what they wanted to do to the Central Powers, the losing countries of WWI, which were mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
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The Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty which officially ended World War I between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany. It was signed by German foreign minister Hermann Müller on 28 June 1919 and ratified on 10 January 1920. The armistice to end the fighting of WWI had been signed on 11 November 1918, but the Treaty of Versailles was the result of six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the terms of the peace treaty. The Treaty required that Germany accept sole responsibility for causing the war and that it make reparations to certain members of the Allied forces. Further conditions imposed by the Treaty included Germany losing a certain amount of its own territory to a number of surrounding countries and being stripped of all its overseas colonies. Germany was also required to substantially reduce its military to limit its ability to make war again. The Treaty of Versailles was a contentious one: none of the parties concerned were satisfied with its terms, and Germany was not permanently weakened - as seen in its role in WWII.
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Hitler led this group.
National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP)--------In February 1920, the NSDAP published its first programme which became known as the "Twenty-Five Points". In the programme the party refused to accept the terms of the Versailles Treaty and called for the reunification of all German people. To reinforce their ideas on nationalism, equal rights were only to be given to German citizens. "Foreigners" and "aliens" would be denied these rights. |
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leader of the Nazi Party {National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP)}
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Adolf Hitler, (1889-1945) Dictator of Germany who led his country into World War II, began his military career during World War I where he only achieved corporal as his highest rank. After that war Hitler joined a political party which he renamed the National Socialist German Workers Party. Although his political rise to power was not without its problems, his forceful and persuasive style along with his manipulation of the truth soon brought the Nazis into power. As their leader he used treachery , sabotage, and assassination to eliminate his opponents and bring himself to absolute power as Fuehrer. He openly rearmed Germany in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles. By 1938 Hiter began a series of strategic aggressions which led to the invasion of Poland which marked the beginning of World War II. Because of his erratic emotional behavior and paranoia, he frequently ignored his advisors, which ultimately led to his defeat. He is believed to have committed suicide as the Russians approached Berlin. |
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The Axis powers were:
- Germany
- Italy
- Japan
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Introduction
World War I left tremendous political dislocations in Europe. These dislocations laid the groundwork for the collapse of democratic institutions on the continent and set the stage for a German power struggle. The already fragile democratic regime in Germany was further weakened by the worldwide depression that began in 1929.
In 1933, Adolf Hitler led to power the National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) Party, a mass movement that was virulently nationalistic, anti-democratic, and anti-Semitic.
Hitler ended parliamentary government in Germany, assumed dictatorial powers, and proclaimed the Third Reich. The Nazi government increased the strength of the German armed forces and sought to overturn the World War I's Versailles Treaty in order to recover German territory lost at the peace settlement, and to return to the so-called Fatherland German-speaking minorities within the borders of surrounding countries.
The ultimate goal of Hitler's policy was to secure "living space" for the German "master race" in eastern Europe. A gambler by instinct, Hitler relied on diplomatic bluff and military innovation to overcome Germany's weaknesses. He played skillfully on the divisions among the European powers to gain many of his aims without war.
In 1935, Hitler and the Italian Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini announced a Rome-Berlin alliance -- the Axis.
Meanwhile, in the Far East, the Japanese -- the only Asian industrial power -- coveted the natural resources of China and Southeast Asia, but found their expansion blocked by European colonial powers or by the United States.
Having seized Manchuria in 1931, Japan began a war against China in 1937. Soon Germany, Italy, and Japan became allies, facing Western democratic governments that wanted to avoid another war, and the Soviet Union that had its own expansionist ambitions. |
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WON WWII
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Introduction
The involvement of many of the Allies in World War II was natural and inevitable -- they were invaded or under the direct threat of invasion by the Axis.
When Hitler announced that Germany would "liberate" the ethnic Germans in Czechoslovakia, England and France recognized the growing danger of a second world war caused by German expansionism. England and France were politically unprepared for war, however, and appeased Hitler with the Munich Pact -- effectively compelling Czechoslovakia to cede its frontier districts to Germany.
In March 1939, Hitler seized the rest of Czechoslovakia and began to move on Poland. Britain and France guaranteed the integrity of Poland, but Germany and the Soviet Union signed a secret pact in August 1939. With the pact, Stalin bought time to build up his strength at the expense of Britain and France, and Hitler gained a free hand to deal with Poland. When Hitler's army invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, World War II began.
While German forces overran western Poland, Soviet troops entered from the east to claim their portion of that country. France and Britain declared war on Germany and mobilized their forces.
In 1940, German forces invaded Norway and Denmark in April; the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg in May; and the borders of France later that same month.
Meanwhile, the United States remained largely isolationist. They viewed the war as a European conflict. After World War I, Americans had little stomach for sending their boys overseas to die.
Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1937, making it unlawful for the United States to trade with belligerents. But President Roosevelt was strongly in favor of getting the U.S. into the European war and pressed for involvement overseas. He soon convinced Congress to amend the Neutrality Act to permit munitions sales to the French and British. On March 11, 1941, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, which gave the President authority to sell, transfer, or lease war goods to the government of any country. This spelled the virtual end of American neutrality.
However, the American people were still against sending their soldiers to fight in a foreign war. The Japanese Empire took care of this by bombing the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941.
On December 8, 1941 Congress voted that a state of war existed between the United States and Japan. On December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. Congress then immediately recognized the existence of a state of war with Germany and Italy, and also rescinded an article of the Selective Service Act prohibiting the use of American armed forces beyond the Western Hemisphere. |
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After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, America Joined the war (WWII)
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On December 8, 1941, within less than an hour after a stirring, six-minute address by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Congress voted, with only one member dissenting, that a state of war existed between the United States and Japan, and empowered the President to wage war with all the resources of the country.
Four days after Pearl Harbor, December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. Congress, this time without a dissenting vote, immediately recognized the existence of a state of war with Germany and Italy, and also rescinded an article of the Selective Service Act prohibiting the use of American armed forces beyond the Western Hemisphere. |
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The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. It was founded in 1945 at the signing of the United Nations Charter by 51 countries, replacing the League of Nations founded in 1919.
The UN was founded after the end of World War II by the victorious allied powers with the hope that it would act to prevent and intervene in conflicts between nations and make future wars impossible or limited. The five permanent members of the UN Security Council, each of which has veto power on any UN resolution, are the five main victors of World War II or their successors: People's Republic of China (which replaced the Republic of China), France, Russia (which replaced the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, and the United States
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The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. It was founded in 1945 at the signing of the United Nations Charter by 51 countries, replacing the League of Nations founded in 1919.
The UN was founded after the end of World War II by the victorious allied powers with the hope that it would act to prevent and intervene in conflicts between nations and make future wars impossible or limited. The organization's structure still reflects in some ways the circumstances of its founding, which has led to calls for reform. The five permanent members of the UN Security Council, each of which has veto power on any UN resolution, are the five main victors of World War II or their successors: People's Republic of China (which replaced the Republic of China), France, Russia (which replaced the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, and the United States |
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The Holocaust (with a capital H) refers to the genocide (mass murder) of about six million Jews by the Nazis in 1941-1945. It was the so-called Final Solution [of the Jewish Question].
The term is often used in a broader sense to include millions of others also killed by the Nazis on the basis of group identity.
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