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| A person who studies how people lived in the past. |
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| An object made by human beings. |
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| The way of life of a society, which is handed down from one generation to the next by learning and experience. |
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| A person who moves from place to place in search of food. |
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| An amount that is more than needed, excess. |
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| System of writing in which pictures called hieroglyphs represent objects, concepts, or sounds. |
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| Branch of law that deals with private rights and matters. |
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| Territory settled and ruled by people from another land. |
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| The blending of two or more cultures. |
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| In traditional Indian society, an unchangeable social group into which a person is born. |
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| In some societies, payment a bride's family makes to the bridegroom and his family; payment a woman brings to a marriage. |
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| A legal system based on custom and court rulings. |
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| In ancient Greece, ruler who gained power by force. |
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| Government in which the people hold ruling power. |
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| Complete control of a product or buisness by one person or group. |
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| Murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons. |
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| Loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord. |
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| To block a government action. |
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| Economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available. |
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| In medieval Europe, a lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord. |
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| Exchange of pledges between lords and vassals. |
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| During the Middle Ages in Europe, a lord's estate which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands. |
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| In the Middle Ages, an association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to uphold standards of their trade and to protect their economic interests. |
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| Everyday language of ordinary people. |
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| Outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease. |
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| Permanent division in a church. |
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| Formal agreement between two or more nations powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense. |
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| In the Roman Catholic Church, pardon for sins commited during a person's lifetime. |
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| Ruler who has complete control over a government; in ancient Rome, a leader appointed to rule for six months in times of emergency. |
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| Exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church law. |
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| An intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics. |
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| An agreement in which each side makes concessions; an acceptable middle ground. |
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| Idealistic or visionary, usually used to describe a perfect society. |
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| Calvinist belief that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation. |
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| A subgroup of a major religious group. |
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- wrote the Illiad and the Odessey
- lived around 750 BC
- poet, wandered from village to village singing of heroic deeds
- tales were passed on orally for generations before written down
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- His original name was Gautama
- Came up with the Four Nobel Truths (explain how to overcome pain and suffering)
- Explained the Eightfold Path (the right way to do all things)
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- ambitious military commander
- dominated Roman politics with Pompey
- 48-44BC pushed a number of reforms
- the people were afraid he would make himself king
- stabbed to death in March of 44 BC
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- Born in 551 BC
- Dedicated himself to educaiton and public service
- Spread education to rich and poor
- Developed philosophy (system of ideas)
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- Started the Socratic method (way to help others seek truth and self-knowledge)
- Condemned to death when he was 70
- Instead drank a cup of hemlock(a deadly poison)
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- First emperor in the golden age
- Created a direct democracy
- Directed the rebuilding of Acropolis
- Turned Athens into a cultural center of Greece
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- Socrates student
- Set up a school called the Academy
- Wrote the book The Republic (describes the ideal state)
- Thought men surpassed woman in mental and physical tasks
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- Experienced soldier with his father's ambitions
- Took over Persia in 334 BC
- Went into India but turned back eventually
- died at 32 from a fever
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- Part of the Second Punic War
- Him and his army taveled across Italy for 15 yrs
- Romans defeated Hannibal on his homeland
- Later all of Carthage was destroyed
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- Ruled Byzantine from 527 to 565
- Determined to revive ancient Rome
- Reformed the government and came up with Justinian's Code
- His control was aided by his wife Theodora
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- Converted to Catholicism
- Issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598
- Set out to repair France
- Assassined in 1610
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- Became King of Franks in 768
- Grandson of Charles Martel
- Briefly united Western Europe after building an empire that reached across France, Germany, and Italy
- Reigned for 46 yrs
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- Founded a philosophy known as Daoism
- Wrote The Way of Virtue (had enormous influence on Chinese life)
- Daoist sought to live in harmony with nature
- Daoist looked at government as unnatural and therefore caused problems
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- Wanted to make the church independant of secular rulers
- Banned the practice of lay investure
- Got in a fued with Henry IV about who held what power
- Got forced into exile by Henry IV
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- 936 became King of Germany
- Worked close to the Church
- 962, crowned emperor by a grateful pope
- Appointed bishops to top gov't jobs
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- Leonardo da Vinci
- Michelangelo Buonarroti
- Raphael
- Donatello
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- Broke the Catholic Church
- Could not produce a male heir
- Went through a lot of trouble to get a new wife
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- German monk and professor of theology
- triggered the revolt against the church in 1517
- he tried to live a holy life
- he believed all Christians have equal access to God through faith and the Bible
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- Born in Mecca around 570 AD
- He became known for his honesy in buisness and was a devoted husband and father
- at 40 he heard the voice of an angel calling him to be God's messenger
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- his name means "universal ruler"
- a brilliant Mongol chieftain who united the warring tribes
- demanded absolute loyalty and imposed strict military discipline
- had a reputation for fierceness
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- Went by the Four Nobel Truths and the Eightfold Path
- Believes that their is neither suffering nor death
- created by a man named Gautama later known as Buddha
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- Has no single founder or text
- One of the world's most complex religions
- Belief that everything is part of the unchanging, all-powerful spiritual force called brahman
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- Seasonal winds that regularly blow from a certain direction for part of the year
- winter monsoons blow from northeast(bring dry hot air)
- Summer monsoons blow from the southeast
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