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World Religions test 1
World Religions 108 UNL
82
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
03/07/2012

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Cards

Term
ashram
Definition
a usually ascetic spiritual community of followers gathered around their guru (hinduism)
Term
atman
Definition
the individual soul (Hinduism)
Term
avatar
Definition
an incarnation of a deity (Hinduism)
Term
bhakti
Definition
Intense devotion to a personal manifestation of supreme Reality (Hinduism)
Term
Brahman
Definition
The Supreme Reality (Hinduism)
Term
brahmin
Definition
Priest or member of the priestly caste (Hinduism)
Term
caste
Definition
an occupational category (Hinduism)
Term
chakra
Definition
a subtle energy center in the body (Hinduism)
Term
darshan
Definition
visual contact with the divine (Hinduism)
Term
deva
Definition
a deity (Hinduism)
Term
dharma
Definition
moral order, righteousness, religion (Hinduism)
Term
guru
Definition
spiritual teacher (Hinduism)
Term
Kali Yuga
Definition
The present degraded era (Hinduism)
Term
karma
Definition
our actions and their effects on this life and lives to come, even unintentional (Hinduism)
Term
moksha
Definition
Liberation (Hinduism)
Term
prana
Definition
the invisible life force (Hinduism)
Term
puja
Definition
ritual worship (Hinduism)
Term
reincarnation
Definition
after death, rebirth in a new life (Hinduism)
Term
rishi
Definition
a sage (Hinduism)
Term
shaivite
Definition
worshiper of Shiva (Hinduism)
Term
Shakta
Definition
Worshiper of the divine in female form (Hinduism)
Term
samsara
Definition
the worldly cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (Hinduism)
Term
sannyasin
Definition
renunciate spiritual seeker (Hinduism)
Term
Sanskrit
Definition
the ancient language of the Vedas(Hinduism)
Term
secularism
Definition
the constitutional principle of not giving favored status to any religion (Hinduism)
Term
sutra
Definition
terse spiritual teaching (Hinduism)
Term
Tantra
Definition
a sacred esoteric text with spiritual practices honoring the divine in female form (Hinduism)
Term
Vaishnavite
Definition
Worshiper of Vishnu or one of his manifestations, such as Krishna (Hinduism)
Term
Yoga
Definition
Practices for union with the true self (Hinduism)
Term
ahimsa
Definition
Nonviolence, a central jain principle
Term
anekantwad
Definition
the jain principle of manifold aspects of the truth
Term
aparigraha
Definition
nonacquisitiveness, a major jain principle
Term
digambara
Definition
a highly ascetic order of jain monks who wear no clothes (sky-clad)
Term
jiva
Definition
the soul (jain)
Term
samsara
Definition
the continual round of birth, death, and rebirth (Jain)
Term
svetambara
Definition
Jain order of monks who are less ascetic than the digambara
Term
tirthankaras
Definition
the great enlightened teachers in jainism, of whommahariva was the last in the present cosmic cycle
Term
anatman (pali; anatta)
Definition
the principle that there is no eternal self
Term
anitya (Pali: anicca)
Definition
Impermanence
Term
arhant (pali: arhat or arahat)
Definition
a "worthy one" who has followed the buddha's path to liberation
Term
bhikshu (pali: bhikkhu; feminine: bhikshuni or bhikkuni)
Definition
a monk or nun who renounces worldliness for the sake of following the path of liberation and whose simple physical needs are met by lay supporters
Term
bodhisattva
Definition
a person who is dedicated to liberating others from suffering
Term
deity yoga
Definition
vajrayana meditation on a deity in order to develop his or her qualities
Term
dharma (pali: dhamma)
Definition
the teachings and laws for conduct given by the buddha
Term
dukka
Definition
discomfert, suffering, frustration, disharmony
Term
karma
Definition
actions; the law of cause and effect
Term
kensho
Definition
a sudden experience of enlightened awareness
Term
koan
Definition
a question used by zen teachers to boggle the student's mind and thus liberate direct awareness
Term
lama
Definition
a high vajrayana teacher
Term
mahayana
Definition
the "great vehicle," the buddhist school that stresses the altruistic wish to become perfectly awakened in order to free all living beings from suffering
Term
nirvana
Definition
liberation from mental afflictions, suffering, and rebirth
Term
pali canon
Definition
ancient buddhist scriptures written in pali and considered authoritative
Term
samsara
Definition
cyclic existence; the continual round of birth, death, and rebirth
Term
stupa
Definition
monument containing buddhist relics or images
Term
sunyata
Definition
the doctrine of voidness, emptiness
Term
theravada
Definition
the remaining orthodox school of buddhism, which adheres tot he earliest scriptures
Term
triple gem
Definition
the buddha, the dharma, and the sangha
Term
sangha
Definition
the monastic community; more broadly; a dharma community
Term
vajrayana
Definition
a branch of mahaana buddhism practiced in the tibetan diaspora that incorporates deity yoga, mantras, mudras (hand gestures), and mandalas to achieve awakening
Term
vipassana
Definition
insight. a meditation technique for developing insight into dukkha, anicca, and anatta
Term
zazen
Definition
sitting meditation, in zen schools
Term
zen
Definition
a chinese and japanese school emphasizing that all things have buddha-nature, which can only be grasped when one escapes from the intellectual mind
Term
hindu
Definition
originally derived from the indo aryan word for sea, shindhu
Term
1. no identifiable founder
2. no single revealed text
3. no single overarching institutional or ecclesiastical hierarchy which has the power to decide what was orthodox and what was not
Definition
ways in which hinduism is not like many other religions1
Term
sanatana
Definition
eternal dharma
Term
harappa

mohenjo-daro
Definition
2 major cities of indus river valley
Term
•environmental factors
•internal collapse due to political economic mismanagement
•invasions
•none or all of the above
Definition
possible cause of collapse of indus valley
Term
indo-european migration thesis
Definition
Thesis that aryans originated in central asia and migrated some becoming ancestors of persians and began to appear in successive waves on the indian continent. they were pastoral
Term
arya
Definition
noble one
Term
sanskrit
Definition
sacred language of the vedas
Term
shruti
Definition
"that which is heard" originally intuited by seven ancient seers who transmitted them for the benefit of the world
Term
smirti
Definition
"that which is remembered" thousands of other texts including the mahabharata and ramayana and puranas. considered to be scripture
Term
4 parts, or samhitas, of the vedas
Definition
rig veda - the oldest and most important section comprised of 1028 hymns to the vedic devas (gods)
Term
aryan
Definition
1 of the main components of hinduism

high regard for vedas and vedic scriptures

firmly uphold the hierarchy of class
Term
dravidian religion
Definition
1 main component of hinduism

refers to the non-aryan high-cultures on the indian subcontinent

includes indus valley religious traditions
Term
disparate religious beliefs and practices
Definition
1 main component of hinduism

remote tribes etc and their practices
Term
brahmanas
Definition
prose texts of a more theological kind; observations instructions and comentaries on the sacrificial rites and ceremonies
Term
mantra
Definition
sacred verses
Term
yajna
Definition
sacrificial rites / fire rituals
Term
the 4 vedas
Definition
rig sama yajur atharva
Term
purusha
Definition
pure, supreme conciousness
Term
prakriti
Definition
nature or materiality
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