superior-inferior relationship. state controls ppl and territory of another area. 

ex: WW2 germany takes over Poland and Czech

ex: british colonies (Africa, USA) 

Post independence for countries out of colonialsim. political doctrine where one sides with the people against the elites. 

Ex: not syria. euros left the alawit musliums incharge of dictatorship

ex: populism reappearing on the left with promises of far reaching socialist chances as seen in venexuela under Hugo Chavez. 

international financial instituation that provides loans to developing loans to developing countries for capital programs. 

ex jamaica 

ex after haiti was hit by earthquake the world bank gave money to help restore country 

Economic approach involving governments attempting to ensure that they have a positive balance of trade.

EX: Dominate school of thought in Europe throughout the late Renaissance and early modern period.

EX: Cause of European wars in that time and motivated colonial expansion.

small groups who terrorize for the purpose of impsing their politcal ideals on others 

ex. they work to overthrow a regime or political system

ex. nazi?

ex. sendero luminoso (Shining Path) of peru attempt to cultivate the support of farmers and impoverished rural residents for its antigovermnment insurgency. 

Global lending agency that orginally was to aid industrialized nations in stabalizing thier economies after the shocks of great depressions and WW2. today they promote market economies, free trade, and high growth rates. 

ex: came in to help Jamaica after their fall 

ex. very corrupt. no long term commitment. borrow money then imposed restrictions

intergovernmental organization whose aims are promoting cooperation and facilitation of international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human and civil rights and democracy. 

ex: outbreak in sirre leone in march of this year example of how UN successfully interfered. 

ex un interfered and worked with other countries in hopes to deal with the chemical weapons being used in Syria

isrealis and palestinians have been in constant violent struggles since the mid 20th centurey over mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights and control of jeruselum. 

ex clash of civilization 

1980 iraqu invaded iran. this lasted 8 years and is considered the most violent war since WW2

ex. fueled the iran-contra scandal  

ex. it was motivated to forestall the threat of the islamic revolution from spreading to its neighbors 

Historic model of economic growth by Walt Rostow

                  EX: economic growth occurs in 5 stages: Traditional society, Preconditions for take-off, Take-off,            Drive to maturity, Age of High mass consumption

                  EX: countries go through each of these stages fairly linearly

Iraq/Kuwait: Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 for their oil. However many hold that the decision to invade Kuwait was made months earlier and the real reason was Iraq’s inability to pay off debt from Iraq/Iran war and Kuwaits overproduction of petroleum was keeping Iraq’s revenue down.

                  EX: The United States caused Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait in 4 days

ex: extended deterrence

india and pakistan and republic of China disputed over this land 

ex: conflict over the land that they both wanted 

ex. clash of civilization 

 Union of European countries that provide political and economic framework for its members, promoting the prosperity of Europe.

                  EX: EU’s intervention in the Balkans, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, may have served as A scenario to foster the emergence.

                  EX: Failed in changing the course of the national foreign policies during the Libyan crisis. 

attempts to prevent war by discouraging a potential aggressor from attacking. 

ex. primary goal is to concine the challenger that the cost outweighs the benefits 

ex. jewish rebellion against roman rule in palestine was crushed. deterrence used by string to prevent weak from trying to over throw and establish order 

attempts to prevent adversary from any kind of military challenge because of its expected consequences 

ex: the US has the capablity to destroy the world hundreds of times over which detwers countries from attacking us. 

ex. sets up a sense of hegemonic power that insures that threats are for real. 

intended to dissuade a challenger from attacking a states own territory 

ex; the current tensions with iran and north korea over their nuclear programs are due in part to the continuation of this policy of deterrence. 

ex. cuban missle crisis

discourages a challenger from attacking an ally or partner. 

ex. through commitments to NATO and Jampan the US has used extended nuclear deterrence to protect its major allies 

ex. runs greater risk of failer becasue challengers are more likely to doubt the willingness fo one state to risk war over partner

ex. isreals respons to syrian threat in 1970. isreal dissuaded syria from attacking jordan by threating direct retaliation. 

strategy that attempts to force an adversary to reverse some action that ahs already been broken 

ex. cuban missle crisis. united states persuaded soviets to withdraw missils from cuba. 

ex. compellence failure when US tried to persuade IRan and Sadaam hussein to relinquish Iraqi WMD program following Gulf war 

decision making based on infomed cost benefit analysis 

ex relates to deterrence because it assumes decision makers are rational and able to make comparisions among the possible options and rank them 

to interpet inaccurately 

ex. leads to war, fall outs 

unbiased, neutral perception of a threat. a REAL threat. you are either facing an imminent threat or a low threat. 

ex. the terrorist attack of 2001 was an imminent threat. 

low threat conditions and perceive themselves to be secure 

ex. malta 2007

Situation in which a country is objectively in danger but believes itself to be secure.

EX: Before WW2, many Euro countries believed Hitler could be appeased and were not prepared to resist when he attacked.

                  EX: France was very unprepared; after Hitler invaded Belgium, he was able to bypass France’s                defense, the Maginot Line

states that are not objectivly threated but believe danger us imminent plan on worst case assumptions 

ex. this country is likley to waste large amounts of resources against illusionary threat. 

ex. north korea- spreads bulk of limited resources on enourmous military 

cautiousness. state of high threat and insecurity. 

ex. isreal. it surrounded by well armed adversaries but the US has supported it in security. 

spread of nuclear weapons/chemical weapons material and technology

ex. nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons to states that didnt already possess them. 

ex. disarmament is the opposite for it tries to reduce or eliminate a states arms level 

states that attempted democracy but failed. also a failure of state to use monopoly of power in terms of force

ex. often newly independent, post colonial countries. 

ex. they are the consequences of intrastate conflicts... occuring wihtin poundries of single states 

government support of paramilitary organizations engaged in terrorism 

ex. iraqu supported al eueda in the war on terror

ex. nazi germany and the jewish genocide 

nationalist terrorist seek to form self determination in some form and have political objectives 

ex ira in ireland carry out bombing campaigns assassinations to achieve their goals of british withdrawl from northern ireland 

ex. tamil tigers to seperate from sri lanka 

terrorism carried out based on motivations and goals that have a predominantly religious character or influence.

                  EX: Al Queda motivated by radical form of Islam attained new levels of notoriety in 2001 with                  attacks on September 11^th.

                  EX: The GIA in Algeria seek to overthrow Algerias secular regime and institute Islamic                   government and has murdered secularist teachers, journalists, and women wearing western            dress

multi billion dollar buisiness of gambling, money laundering loan sharking theft narcotics and sexual exploitation across the globe

ex characteristics include: nonideological, hierarchal structure, durability over time, limited                           membership, access to political protection, use of illegal violence, etc.

                  EX: Yakuza of japan produce drugs and act in the center of international sex slavery trade 

states that are economically reliant on the sale of thier national resources 

ex. nigeria 

ex. chad oil funds thier entire economy

ex. dependancy 

the goal of this policy was to consolidate individual land and labor into collective farms: mainly kolkhozy and sovkhozy. 

ex. everyone would have to do work in the fields of china 

ex. led to large scale famine and ultimanty death and fail in encomy 

Deng Xiaoping was a politician and reformist leader of the Communist Party of China who, after Mao's death led his country towards a market economy.

                  EX: He was an economic liberalist

                  EX: Supported privatization

Was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1958 to 1961 led by Mao Zedong.

                  EX: It was a people foundation for growth, everyone participated and problems were solved   collectively.

                  EX: They would shut down schools and go pick up metal in the streets

was a period in 1956 in the People's Republic of China during which the Communist Party of China (CPC) encouraged its citizens to openly express their opinions of the communist regime.

                  EX: Although they encouraged citizens to voice opinions, the gov punished those who did

is a geographical region that is designed to export goods and provide employment.

                  EX: Better then Jamaicas free zones because they encouraged economic growth because they                liberalized trade and investment

                  EX:

The Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China are autonomous territories that fall within the sovereignty of the People's Republic of China, which do not, however, form part of Mainland China

Ex: Special economic zone

Ex: Deng Xioping 

Ex: promote liberalization and forigen investment