Term
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Definition
| temperature, water depth, density, water movement, turbidity, bottom (substrate), light |
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Term
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Definition
| salinity, oxygen (supports animals), carbon dioxide (supports plants), nutrients (stimulates plant growth in ocean) |
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Term
| Where does maximum light penetration occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| floaters; no control of movement (jellyfish) |
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Term
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Definition
| swimmers; controls movement (squid, fish, whales, turtles) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two categories of benthos: |
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Definition
sessile: can't move - attached to bottom
motile: can move |
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Term
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Definition
Planktic and Nektic: neritic, oceanic, pelagic
Benthic: infaunal, epifaunal |
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Term
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Definition
| over continental shelf (shallow waters) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| move back and forth between ocean and continental shelf |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two categories of feeding types: |
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Definition
autotrophs: photosynthesis, chemosynthesis (self feeder - plamts/organisms)
heterotrophs: carnivores, herbivores, omnivores |
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Term
| 3 classes of heterotrophs |
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Definition
filter feeds (sponges)
"sediment eater" (deposit eater - sea cucumbers)
catcher/capturer/swallowers (snail, starfish, coral) |
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Term
| What is the best way to realistically depict feeding relationships? |
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Definition
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Term
| Classifications form largest to smallest |
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Definition
| Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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Term
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Definition
| (one celled eukaryotic (have nucleus)): Phylum Chrysophyta, Phylum Protozoa |
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Term
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Definition
| diatoms (silica), coccolithophores (calcareous), dinoflagellates (organic test) |
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Term
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Definition
| order foraminifera (calcareous) & radiolaria (silica test) |
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Term
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Definition
| during the night they grow laterally, and during the day they use photosynthesis to grow vertically. (MATS) |
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Term
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Definition
prokaryotic (no nucleus)
- bacteria
- cynobacteria |
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Term
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Definition
marine fungi and yeasts = fouling
(reproduce using spores) |
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Term
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Definition
Algae (multi-celled) - classified by color
- red: Rhodophyta
- brown: Phaeophyta - kelp, sargassum
- green: Chlorophyta
- grasses: turtle and salt marsh grass
- trees: mangroves |
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Term
| Kingdom Animalia...what are the Phylums? |
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Definition
- Porifera
- Cnidaria
- worm phyla
- phylum bryozoa
- brachiopoda
- mollusca
- anthropoda
- echinodermata
- chordata |
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Term
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Definition
pore bearing
totipotent (can take on any function)
the hole at the top is for water to exit (osculum) |
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Term
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Definition
Nematocysts (stinging cells)
medusa & polyp body forms
- scyphozoa: true jellyfish (mostly medusa)
- hydrozoa:fire coral & man o' war (oldest-mostly polyp)
- cubozoa: sea wasps; 4 groups of tentacles; killers (entire life as medusa
- anthozoa: black corals, sea fans, sea anemones (only polyp) |
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Term
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Definition
- annelida: segmented worms (bristle worms, feather dusters, xmas tree worms
- phoronida: horseshoe tube worms (related to brachiopods and bryozoans) |
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Term
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Definition
| moss animals: small, colonial |
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Term
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Definition
| lamp shells; bilateral symmetry; solitary; bivalved |
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Term
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Definition
Gastropoda: snails, herbivore, coiling body, 2ndary carnivore
Bivalvia: some swim (scallops), some attach (oysters, mussels)
Cephlapoda: octopus, squid, nautilus (swimmers)
Polyplacophora: 8 shells
Scaphopoda: shell straight up w/foot (lives under sand)
Aplacophora: most primitive...no shell |
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Term
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Definition
| paired, jointed appendages, exoskeleton: krill, barnacles, shrimp, crabs, lobsters, horseshoe crabs |
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Term
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Definition
radial symmetry, internal skeleton, water vascular system
- Crinoids: sea lilies
- Asteroids: star fish
- Ophiuroids: brittle stars
- echinoids: sea urchins and sand dollars
- holothurians: sea cucumbers |
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Term
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Definition
(gill slits)
- tunicates (larva like tadpole): sea squirts
- vertebrates: agnatha (jawless fish), chondrichthyes (jawed: sharks, rays, skates), osteichthyes (bony fish), amphibia, reptilia, aves, mammalia |
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