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| A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority. |
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| A cruel and oppressive ruler. |
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| supplying dry land with water by means of ditches etc |
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| Examples of Natural Barriers |
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| Mountains, swamps, deserts and icefields |
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| Characteristics of a Civilization |
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| Social Structure, Stable Food Supply, Religion, Government, Writing, Culture, Technology. |
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| River Valleys of Mesopotamia/ Egypt |
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Tigris River and Euphrates River (Mesopotamia)
Nile River (Egypt) |
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| Believing in only one god |
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| Eye For an Eye justice system. |
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| government by divine authority. |
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| form of government in which a person or small group has absolute power. |
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| wedged shaped system of writing developed by sumerians, clay |
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| city w/ political and economical control over surrounding countryside. |
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| Fertile land above Jerusalem used by the mesopotamians for family. |
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-Reincarnation
-Karma
-Dharma (divine law)
-Caste System (varnas) |
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Brahman-Priestly class
Kshatriyas-Warriors
Vaisyas-Commoners
Sudras-Farmers
Untouchables |
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-Believed in Buddha
-Wanted to reach Nirvana
-Denied reality of material world
-Believed meditation would help see the world in a new way. |
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| system or political and ethical ideas formulated by the chinese philosopher Confucius toward end of zhou dynasty. Intended to help restore order to a society that was in state of confusion. |
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| system of idea based on the teachings of Laozi. Teaches that the will of heaven is best founded through inaction so that nature's allowed to take its course. |
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| Where the Kabba is located |
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-Aristarchus
-Eratosthenes
-Archimedes |
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-Aeschylus
-Sophocles
-Homer |
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| Socrates, Plato, Aristotle |
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-Peasant Woman
-Deeply Religious person who believed that favorite saints commanded her to free france.
-Convinced charles to allow her to accompany French Army to New Orleans.
-Condemned to death heretic. |
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-was forced to put his seal on a document of rights called the Magna Carta.
-recognized his noble's rights and didn't allow an english monarch to become an absolute ruler. |
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| nobles offering land and protection in return for service. |
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-Vikings and other invaders posed a huge threat to people and royal governments.
-Couldn't protect their subjects. |
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-Series of holy wars waged against muslims.
-christians had brutal attacks against muslims, ignited fear.
-King Louis VII slaughtered
-Jerusalem captured by christians.
-Christians lost money, didnt win much. |
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-Defeated king Harold at Battle of Hastings
-crowned King of England
-Made all nobles swear an oath of loyalty to him as sole ruler of England
-Took a census known as the Domesday Book
-Developed more fully the taxation and royal courts. |
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| an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history. |
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-Sistine Chapel under threat from the Pope
-St. Peter's basilica |
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-Wrote the Prince
-Thinks the Prince's attitude toward power must be based on an understanding of human nature. |
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Mona Lisa, Last Supper, details of human form.
-Painter, sculptor, inventor, mathematician, architect |
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| Who settled the dispute over land between portugal and spain? |
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| Spain- Treaty of Tordesillas |
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| peace through submission of Allah |
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| 5 acts of worship that gives a person a place in eternal paradise. |
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-Drew charts showing coastlines and distances between points.
-Developed the compass and astrolabe.
-Mathematics contributions. |
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| Causes of the protestant reformation |
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| -The catholic church selling indulgences and Martin Luther being rebellious and spreading Lutherism. |
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-Found mountains on moon, 4 moons on jupiter and sun spots.
-Believed in heliocentric universe and went on trial for beliefs. |
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-Best drama author in the Elizabethan era.
-writer
-actor
-shareholder of lord chamberlains |
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| Printed the first European book and the bible on a moveable type. |
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| Separation between the catholic and eastern orthodox church |
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| Major Ideas of Martin Luther and Results of PR |
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-Abolished indulgences
-believed that the person's faith in God=Salvation
-Created 95 theses
-Results of PR were England=Protestant
-English wanted to persecute Anabaptists |
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| a set of principles that dominated economic thought in 17th century. It held that the prosperity of a nation depended on large supply of gold and silver. |
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-Merchants- carried out trade
-gold, silver, and spices were traded
-used the sea to transport
-carried out in 16th,17th century |
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-Portuguese
-Discovered Cape of Good Hope |
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-Spain
-Enlarged Americas, and Hispanola |
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-Spain
-Sailed around the world |
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-Spain
-Conquered Incans in South America |
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| African Culture and Government |
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| Government: Most african governments were aristocrats but the gulf between the king and the common people were not as big. |
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| African Cultural Contributions |
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-masks
-Bronze statues
-salt
-slavery
-dancing and music
-Stories
-Gold |
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-Traded pottery
-oligarchy then direct democracy
-interested in philosophy,art, and architecture.
-greek speaking
-fought spartans |
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-oligarchy
-discouraged trade
-interested in discipline
-fought athenians
-greek speaking |
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| Under who did the Athens reach its power |
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-Shahaadatayn (Belief)
-Salaah (Prayer)
-Zakaah (Charity)
-Fasting (Siyaam)
-Pilgrimage (Hajj) |
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