• 324
• Emperor of Rome
• Capitol of Rome: Constainople from Byzamtium

• Eastern:

1. Language: Greek
2. Culture: Wealthier, bigger traditions of civilizations, and more people

• Western:

1. Language: Lation
2. Culture: the exact opposite of eastern europe

• 6th cent
• Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
• Conqueres Eastern and parts of Western Europe

• took over a huge part of the holy roman empire
• started taking parts of the byzantine empire
• including north africa
• 1453

• pope crowns him the emperor of rome in 800

• son of charlemange
• created the treaty of verdun for his three sons

• division of Charlemangne's territory between his three grandsone: Louis, Charles, and Lothair by his son

1. islamic
2. viking
3. magyars

• becomes a divider of:
• north: Byzantine
• south: islamic

• type of architecture
• interior of vienne

• small windows so that the building would not collapse

• overseer
• one in charge
• bishop

• deputee
• priest
• stand in for the bishop

• servants
• deacon

1. bishop
2. preist
3. deacon

• way of life
• monks
• chasity, poverty, obidience

• split between the eastern and western europe because of language, doctrince, and marriage (discipline)
• never been resolved

• no data to prove it
• god

• 11th cent
• oncological argument
• faith seeking understanding

• defined by god
• you cannot think of anything greater than god
• not empirical
• all in Anselm of Bec's head

• 13th cent
• did not agree with Anselm
• wrote: Summa Theologica
• influenced by aristotle
• said that metaphysics should have some sort of contact with empiricism

• duke of normandy in 1066
• ruled both england and france

• territory of william the conqueror

• lost most of his english and french possessions
• forced to sign the 1216 magna carta

• King John
• king is with in the law
• state of rights and traditions of people starts

• Islam
• also responsible for the reintroduction for Artistotle

Black death disease spreaded by human contact

• Positive
• less worker=more mone

a town in france

pope moves here but he is still the bishop of rome therefore there is pressure to go back to rome

• two popes: Avignon and Rome; fighting over who gets the authority over the roman catholic chruch
• the people in the council meeting elected a third person to become pope
• result: 3 popes

• western roman catholic church movement to have church run by the councils

• 1415-1418
• declared that the councils were superior of popes
• elected 1 pope
• ended the great schism

• writes the imitation christ
• 2ns most popular christian book after the bible
• passed the airport test

• oxford professor
• translates the bible into english
• questioned the scarament system

• Preist who heard and adopted Wycliffe's ideas
• Provided "safe conduct" by the king and the ministers and was killed

• and also said that the only thing human reason can be applied to is empirical reality
• human minds should focus on what we can measure

• The simplest explaination is the best

• 1338-1453
• dispute between england and france over who was the King of France
• result: england lose all their possessions

• high point of the 100 years war
• english victory
• henry 5 almost got the crown of france

• peasent girl
• said she heard voices of angles telling her to save france
• was able to convince the king
• orleans 1429
• burned at stake because tried as a witch

• increased the power of the king:impose national taxes
• estates generals
• professional army
• powerful nation

• kings relied on parliament
• house of commons imposed power to raise taxes
• civil war over who gets to be the king
• result: henry 7 not related to other henrys

• royal familiy of the holy roman empire

• 1469
• began to create one single spanish state
• united spanish people and religion
• exclusion of jews (1492) and muslims (1502)

• overlaps with late middle ages
• florance was most affected

• 1304-1347
• poet and author
• possessed with a desire to learn latin
• humanist

• petrarch
• a belief that on the part of elites that the study of classical past should be put at the study for the public

• 1407-1457
• worked for papacy
• philology
• the donation of constantine

• the study of language
• study of written text in order to expose its authenticity and its original form
• lorenzo valla

• lorenzo valla
• said that constantine transferred his authority over some of territories over to the pope
• fake

• wrote: oration on the Dignity of Man 
• 1487
• impacts artists and musicians

• musician
• polyphony: multiple people performing at the same time

• laws for artists to paint
• chiaroscuro: light and dark

• based on an ancient roman writer virtuvius

• writes The Book of Courtier

a noble man should have education and interest in art and music  and a bit modest

• 1494!!!
• balance of power
• alliances are formed
• treaties are signed
• no state can be too powerful

• ambassadors serving all states

• similar to italian but up north
• similarity with italian: desire to study the past

• 1466-1536
• wrote the new greek testaments
• the praise of folly
• northern humanist
• christianity was a guide to live by
• concerned by ethics
• hoped that it would lead to a moral reformation of the church and socirty

• education to reform society

• 1478-1535
• intellectual humanist
• wrote Utopia
• no place is nice place
• nice place is no place
• boss: henry8

• 1519-1556: holy roman empire
• also spain and hungary

• 95 prepositions that Martin Luther wanted to debate over

• 1519!!!
• debated with martin luther over 95 theses
• the only way luther could be proved wronf is if something he says contradicts with what is written in the bible

1. by faith alone
2. by scripture alone
3. by grace alone

• meeting of the big people of the parliament over luthers prepositions
• promised "safe conduct"
• luther gets rejected

• 1524-1525
• revolt aganist their master for luther but luther does not agree with them

1. writes Abonition to peace
2. nothing changes 
3. writes Aganist the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peseants

• charles 5 makes a deal with luther
• Cuius Regio, Euis Religion
• whose region his religion

• switzerland
• ideas common with luther
• no king but confederations of cantoms
• had an affair as a preist

• argument between zwingli and luther

• 1529-1531
• zwingli dies
• same result as augsburg

• began in switzerland
• no baptism for babies
• minister elected from congregation
• separation of church and state

• influenced by luther
• wrote: The Institutes of the Christian Religion:

1. predestination
2. god is soverign
3. cannot have free will
4. city of geniva

• calvinism pop in switzerland

• calvinist minorities in france