Term
| 111. The Second Triumvirate |
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Definition
| The official political alliance of Octavian (later known as Augustus), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony, formed on 26 November 43 BC with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of which marked the end of the Roman Republic. The Triumvirate existed for two five-year terms, covering the period 43 BC – 33 BC. |
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Definition
| The founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. Together with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus, he formed the Second Triumvirate. After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a military dictator. |
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Definition
| Scipio the Great was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic. He was best known for defeating Hannibal at the final battle of the Second Punic War at Zama, a feat that earned him the nickname "the Roman Hannibal", as well as recognition as one of the finest commanders in military history. |
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Term
| 114. Battle of Dog's Head (The Battle of Cynoscephalae) |
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Definition
| The Battle of Cynoscephalae was fought in Thessaly in 197 BC between the Roman army, led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus, and the Antigonid dynasty of Macedon, led by Philip V and ended with a decisive Roman victory. This Macedonian defeat marks the passing of imperial power from the successors of Alexander the Great to Rome.[citation needed] With the later Battle of Pydna, this defeat demonstrates the superiority of the Roman legion over the Macedonian phalanx. The phalanx, though very powerful head on, was not as flexible as the Roman manipular formation. |
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