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Italian city-state where the Renaissance began
Began there because of its location - it was easily reached by water or land.
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| wealthy political family in Florence during the Renaissance |
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| heavily influenced by shipping trade with other parts of the known world (Byzantine and Islamic empires and the rest of Europe) |
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Renaissance
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| helped Europe recover from the Black Plague |
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Renaissance man
author of The Prince, which taught that as a leader is it better to be feared than loved |
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a well educated person who excels in multiple fields and has many talents
Think of someone who is awesome at sports, art (including drama and music), AND school. |
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- original Renaissance man
- works include Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
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- Renaissance artist
- created human images to reflect the divine beauty of God
- works David
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| studied history, philosophy, and poetry of the ancient Greeks and Romans |
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- stated that there was no conflict between secular achievements and a person's relationship with God
- that means: because God gives a person talent, all things achieved or created with that talent honor God
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| Worldly; not having to do with religion - especially the Roman Catholic Church |
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| Having to do with religion |
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| the sun is the center of the universe |
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| the earth is the center of the universe |
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- Humanist
- wrote in the common language of the day (vernacular)
- considered to be the father of the Italian language
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- Dutch Christian Humanist
- wanted to reform the Catholic Church from the inside out
- believed in free will over predestination
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- movement against certain practices in the Catholic Church such as the selling of indulgences
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- Catholic monk and professor
- disagreed with the practice of selling indulgences
- believed the only way a person could achieve salvation from God was by God's mercy
- wrote the 95 Theses
- split from the Catholic church and formed the Protestant faith and the Lutheran church
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- resulted in reduced time spent in Purgatory
- sold by the Catholic church until after the Council of Trent
- think of it as a "fast pass" to get out of time out free, or to be able to reduce the time spent in a waiting room
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| a place or state of suffering where the souls of sinners go to pay for those sins before they are allowed to enter Heaven |
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- early convert to Protestantism
- formed the Calvinist church
- believed in predestination
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| the belief that God decides before a person is born whether that person will go to Heaven or not |
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- King of England
- established the Anglican church (very similar to Catholic church, but with the king as head instead of the pope)
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- made the Anglican church more moderate and less like the Catholic church
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- inventor of the printing press
- responsible for making printed materials accessible to the common people
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| another name for the printing press |
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| Catholic monks who wanted to restore Catholicism to newly Protestant areas in Europe |
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| group of Catholic bishops who met over 18 years to reform corrupt practices in the Roman Catholic Church |
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| Portuguese explorer; first to sail around the tip of Africa to India |
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| Italian explorer sailing for Spain; discovered the Americas when trying to find a westward route to India from Spain |
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| Spanish explorer; first to circumnavigate the globe |
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| French explorer; established the Quebec colony |
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| the theory that countries need large supplies of gold and silver to be prosperous and powerful |
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| large-scale exchange of plants, diseases, animals, and people between Europe and the Americas; diseases ONLY traveled from Europe to the Americas |
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| navigational tool that allowed sailors to locate and predict the position of the moon, sun and stars |
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| believed in a heliocentric solar system |
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| proved the theories of Copernicus using a telescope |
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| believed planets moved in an elliptical orbit around the sun |
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| father of Calculus; proved Kepler's elliptical orbit theory using mathematics |
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