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Definition
humanlike creature that walked upright |
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Where did the earliest hominid live? |
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When did the earliest hominid live in Africa? |
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Definition
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East Africa; discovery of the oldest hominid (at that time); 1.8 million years ago |
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Definition
Challenged that scientists assumed that earliest creatures used tools |
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Definition
A new skeleton in Ethiopia |
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Definition
Common ancestor for several types of early human life |
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Definition
flourished in eastern and southern Africa |
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Why Lucy challenged the traditional idea? |
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Definition
1. 3.5 million years ago 2. small brain 3. no stone tools and artifacts 4. walk upright |
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Definition
stood up free hands--->make and use tools--->large brains |
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Definition
2.5-1.6 million years ago |
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Definition
hominid with larger brains; handy human; they may use stone tools. |
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Definition
had arms and legs in modern human proportion |
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Term
Homo erectus' achievement |
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Definition
they were first to leave Africa |
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Definition
rapid brain growth and mastered fire |
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Term
Homo sapiens descended to? |
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Definition
1. Homo sapiens sapiens 2. Homo Neanderthals |
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Term
Where were Neanderthal found? |
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Definition
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Term
What's Neanderthal's achievement? |
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Definition
1. they made their clothes from animal skins |
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Term
What's Neanderthal's achievement? |
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Definition
2. they were first to bury their dead |
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Term
what does the burial of dead indicate? |
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Definition
It indicates a belief in an afterlife |
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Definition
first to have an anatomy similar to people today |
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Definition
africa 150000-200000 years ago |
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Term
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Definition
spread out Africa 100000 years ago |
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Term
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Definition
replaced earlier hominids in Europe and Asia |
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Definition
a.k.a. replacement theory |
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Term
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Definition
development of hominids occurred different locations in Africa. |
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Term
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Definition
all humans belong to the same subgroup of human beings |
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Term
How did hominids spread all over the world? |
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Definition
They moved 2,3 miles each generation and they did the same thing for thousands years |
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Term
The difference between history and prehistory |
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Definition
History was written down but prehistory is before the stuffs were written down |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
scale models of these called globes to represent the Earth |
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Definition
bulky and not very practical for use |
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Term
what did people do to solve the problem above? |
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Definition
Mapmakers ---->map projection |
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Term
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Definition
flat, usually paper version of the real thing |
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Definition
popilar type of map----most used for navigation |
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Definition
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Definition
northern hemisphere, southern hemisphere, eastern hemisphere, western hemisphere. |
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Definition
the line divides northern and southern hemisphere |
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Definition
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Definition
vertical line divides the earth into 2 equal parts and run through North and South Poles |
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Something about meridians and equator |
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Definition
many meridians but only one equator |
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Definition
the line divides western and eastern hemispheres |
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Definition
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Definition
passes Greenwich, England |
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The lines run left to right |
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Definition
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Line of latitude at the center of the map |
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Definition
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Definition
line of longitude that divides the east and west |
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Definition
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Definition
start at a point on equator and follow all way round--->360 degrees |
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Term
hemisphere (half of the earth) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The degree marks on the equator represents the points where lines of longitude intersect |
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Term
For points on the map that fall between gridlines |
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Definition
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aspects of the prehistory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the revolution occurred in the Neolithic Age period of human history |
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Definition
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The real change in Neolithic Revolution |
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Definition
the shift from the hunting animal and gathers food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis |
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Definition
the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis |
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Term
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Definition
for human use, source of meat and milk and wool, muscle power |
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An agricultural revolution |
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Definition
growing crops and taming animals |
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Term
When did systematic agriculture develop around the world |
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Definition
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Definition
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three crops that Mesoamericans grew |
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Definition
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Neolithic farming village |
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Definition
the permanent settlements caused by growing crops on regular basis |
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Term
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Definition
32 acres, 6700 B.C.--5700 B.C. 6000 inhabits |
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Term
how did people in Catalhuyuk enter their houses? |
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Definition
from the holes in the rooftops |
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Term
Neolithic Revolution effects 1 |
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Definition
people settled in villages-->need to build walls for protection |
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Term
Neolithic Revolution effects 2 |
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Definition
storing surplus encouraged trade |
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Term
the inequality cause by systematic agriculture |
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Definition
men took more responsibility---->men became dominant role in society |
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Term
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Definition
heating metal bearing rocks--->metal to liquid |
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Term
How to use liquid metal to make weapons and tools? |
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Definition
pure the liquid metal to molds and casts |
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Term
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Definition
the first metal to be used in making tools |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
wide use of bronze 3000 B.C.--1200 B.C. |
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Term
Neolithic Age following effects |
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Definition
Neolithic Age sets the stage for major change to come mater farming---->more complex and wealthier societies |
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Term
Some important crops' names |
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Definition
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Term
what was the direct influence of agriculture? |
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Definition
it provided people with steady food supply |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
how did the earliest people survive? |
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Definition
simple cultures + nomadic ife |
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Term
the effect of settling in permanent villages |
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Definition
It made cultures more complex |
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Term
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Definition
complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements |
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Term
six characteristics of civilizations |
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Definition
cities, government, religion, social structure, art, writing |
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Term
What did government offer to people? |
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Definition
the smooth interaction between groups and individuals |
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Term
What's government's responsibility? |
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Definition
1. organize armies to protect population 2. make laws to regulate subjects' lives |
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Term
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Definition
explain the forces of nature and people's roles in the world |
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Term
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Definition
what people did to win god's favors |
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Definition
the person who supervises the rituals |
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The social structure of the earliest civilizations |
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Definition
1. upper class 2. free people 3. slave class |
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Term
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Definition
urban population finished goods and then exchanged raw materials with neighboring population |
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Term
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Definition
new civilization contacts with one another |
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Term
the constitution of civilizations |
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Definition
civilizations constitute noting less than a revolutionary stage in the growing of human society |
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Definition
People wrote to keep the accurate records |
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Term
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Definition
people wrote to create some creative expression----->world's first word of literature |
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Term
Why did architects build temples and pyramids? |
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Definition
1. to worship & sacrifice 2. burial of kings or important people |
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Term
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Definition
new revision bases on new evidence |
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Definition
which believes that agriculture brings negative influences to people |
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Term
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Definition
which believes that agriculture brings positive influences to people |
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Term
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Definition
A professor works at UCLA School of Medicine. |
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Term
traditional view of hunting and gathering |
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Definition
this way of life is nasty, brutish, and short. Since no food is grown and little is stored, there is (in this view) no respite from the struggle that starts anew each day to find wild foods and avoid starving. |
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Term
The traditional view of agriculture |
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Definition
agriculture is an efficient way to get more food for less work |
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Term
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Definition
It provides more protein and a better balance of other nutrients. |
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Term
The negative influences brought by agriculture |
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Definition
Malnutrition, starvation, epidemic diseases, and deep class divisions |
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Term
Why do scientists infer that Africa is the origin of Hominids? |
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Definition
Because most fossils of the earliest hominids were found there |
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Term
Where did Australopithecus and Homo Erectus co-existed? |
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Definition
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Term
How long did Australopithecus and Homo Erectus co-existed? |
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Definition
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Term
Why did Australopithecus extinct? |
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Definition
Because Australopithecus and Homo Erectus may have many conflicts, but Homo Erectus survived in the competition. |
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Term
Who was the first to leave Africa |
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Definition
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Term
How did Homo Sapiens Sapiens spread all over the word? |
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Definition
Because millions of years ago, land didn't separate into many parts therefore there must be some ways for HSS to migrate to other parts of world. |
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Term
Why did Homo Erectus survive from the competition with Australopithecus |
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Definition
Because Homo Erectus had larger brains therefore they had better tools |
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Term
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Definition
Nature selects the spices which were best able to adopt to its environment and survive |
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Term
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Definition
Africa--northwest-->Europe--east-->Asia--cross Beringia land bridge-->America |
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Term
What does a thesis should contain? |
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Definition
stance on a certain topic and reasons |
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Term
The effect of Introduction |
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Definition
opening statement ----> attracts readers to the paper |
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Term
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Definition
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land |
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Term
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Definition
The Persian Gulf is located in Western Asia between Iran (Persia) and the Arabian Peninsula. It is an extension of the Indian Ocean. |
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Definition
The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the south by northeastern Somalia, on the east by India, and on the west by the Arabian Peninsula. |
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Definition
The Bay of Bengal, the largest bay in the world, forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. |
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Definition
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. |
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Definition
The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas |
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Definition
The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. |
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Definition
The Black Sea is a sea in south-eastern Europe. It is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean Seas and various straits. |
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Definition
The Tigris River is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia. |
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Term
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Definition
Euphrates is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. |
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Term
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Definition
The Indus River is a major river in Asia which flows through Pakistan. It also has courses through western Tibet and northern India. |
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Definition
The Ganges is a trans-boundary river of India and Bangladesh. |
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Definition
The Yellow River is the second-longest river in Asia |
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Definition
The Yangtze River known in China as the Chang Jiang, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world. |
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Definition
Nile River is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. |
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Definition
located in what is now southern Iraq. |
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Term
Inventions such as written languages |
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Definition
improved the quality of Mesopotamians' lives |
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Term
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Definition
the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. |
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Term
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Definition
was at the eastern end of the Fertile Crescent |
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Term
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Definition
an arc of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. |
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Term
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Definition
Civilizations depend on large permanent settlements |
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Term
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Definition
can support a large population are ideal locations for such settlements |
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Term
Mesopotamian civilization |
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Definition
Assyria, Akkad, and Sumer. |
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Term
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Definition
The creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization. |
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Term
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Definition
A harsh climate and frequent famines convinces Mesopotamians that unreliable supernatural forces controlled this world |
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Term
According to the belief of Mesopotamians |
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Definition
Humans were supposed to obey and serve gods |
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Term
According to the belief of Mesopotamians |
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Definition
Humans were inferior to the gods and could never be sure what gods might do to or for them |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Independent cities around 3000 B.C. in Mesopotamia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The basic units of Sumerians civilization |
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Term
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Definition
easily shaped by hand, were left to back in the hot sun until they were hard enough to use for building. |
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Term
something about mud bricks |
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Definition
mud bricks are still using in the rural areas of southwest asia today |
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Term
The most prominent building in a Sumerian city |
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Definition
was the temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of the city |
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Definition
atop a massive stepped tower |
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Definition
a government by divine authority |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a lower melting point--->easier to cast harder, melted down and remade when it wore out |
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Term
Three major groups of Sumerian city |
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Definition
nobles, commoners and slaves |
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Term
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Definition
The universal creative force |
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Term
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Definition
Transmigration of the soul. Soul moves one body to another after death. |
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Term
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Definition
Spiritual duty of each caste. |
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Term
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Definition
Ritual worship in Hinduism. |
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Term
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Definition
Hindu belief of no violence. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Positive or negative energy created by action of this life. |
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Definition
Rigid social class based on spiritual purity. |
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Definition
the first person who unified the whole ancient China. |
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Definition
an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed from one generation to another |
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Definition
was known to the Chinese to as The First Teacher |
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Definition
the system of Confucian ideas |
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Term
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Definition
a system of ideas based on teaching of Laozi |
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Definition
proposed that human beings were evil by nature |
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Definition
the highest mountains in the world |
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Definition
an Indo-European language |
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Definition
social groups that ranked people from high to low |
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