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| the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used |
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| the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed |
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| roaming about from place to place aimlessly, frequently, or without a fixed pattern of movement |
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| area in the middle east where Mesopotamia is found containing the Tigris and Euphrates River. |
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| the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains |
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| any item made or used by man kind |
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| an expert in or student of history, esp. that of a particular period, geographical region, or social phenomenon |
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| the belief in or worship of more than one god |
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| supply water to (land or crops) to help growth, typically by means of channels. |
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| fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and left as a sediment, esp. in a channel or harbor |
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| an amount of food/crop left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand |
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Breaking jobs into small component parts and
assigning specialists to do each part |
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arrangement of groups in society
/ \Elites
Merchants/ | \Artisans
/ \Pheasnts-Farmers
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| a worker in a skilled trade, esp. one that involves making things by hand |
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| a group of people considered to be the best in a particular society or category, esp. because of their power, talent, or wealth i.e. kings |
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| two large rivers that had a major effected on Mesopotamia |
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| A common name for the region of city-states known in ancient Mesopotamia as Sumer |
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| group of settlers to sent to establish political control over a location |
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| an ancient region of southwestern Asia in present-day Iraq, lying between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Its alluvial plains were the site of the civilizations of Akkad, Sumer, Babylonia, and Assyria |
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| the capital city that gave its name to an ancient kingdom, traditionally founded by Sargon in north central Mesopotamia |
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| the semilegendary founder of the ancient kingdom of Akkad |
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| an ancient city in Mesopotamia, the capital of Babylonia on the banks of the Euphrates River; noted for the Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
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| (died 1750 bc), the sixth king of the first dynasty of Babylonia, reigned 1792–1750 bc. extended the Babylonian empire and published the earliest known and first written collections of laws |
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| an ancient country in what is now northern Iraq. From the early part of the 2nd millennium bc, Assyria was the center of a succession of empires |
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| an ancient city located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River. Oldest city of the ancient Assyrian empire and capital until it was destroyed by Babylonians |
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| last of the great kings of Assyria who est. the first organized library, Library of Ashurbanipal, which survives in Nineveh |
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| the oldest written story on Earth that we currently have from Ancient Sumeria, and was originally written on 12 clay tablets in cunieform script. It is about the adventures of the historical King of Uruk |
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| a member of an ancient people who established an empire in Syria that flourished from c. 1700 to c. 1200 bc. descendants, including the members of a Canaanite or Syrian people |
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| a pictorial symbol for a word or phrase. Pictographs were used as the earliest known form of writing, examples having been discovered in Egypt and Mesopotamia from before 3000 bc. |
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| earliest known writing system in the world |
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| a stylized picture of an object representing a word, syllable, or sound |
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| a person who copies out documents, esp. one employed to do this before printing was invented |
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| an official in a government department |
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| a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state |
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| the northern kingdom of the Hebrews ( c. 930–721 bc), formed after the reign of Solomon, whose inhabitants were carried away to captivity in Babylon |
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| the southern part of ancient Palestine, occupied by the tribe of Judah. After the reign of Solomon ( c. 930 bc) it formed a separate kingdom from Israel |
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| 2nd king of Israel who ruled for 40 years, set up roads and created a judicial system |
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| 3rd King of Israel who was known for thee wise decision dealing with a baby and two mothers. Also had 700+ wives and 300+ concubines. |
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| in the South Kingdom in Judah |
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| restorer of Babylonian independence, restored old religious monuments, improved canals and best known for his legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
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| belief that there is only one God |
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| the divine rules of conduct given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai |
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| people forced to leave their homeland but keep they their culture |
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| the domain of the Achaemenid dynasty in the 6th century bc. Under Cyrus the Great, Persia became the center of a powerful empire |
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| King of Persia, ruled with wisdom and moderation, maintaining good relations with the Jews (whom he freed from the Babylonian Captivity) and the Phoenicians |
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created first alphabet and spread it through trade which they controlled at their time(1500-300bc)
Famous trade products were Glass and Tyrain Purple created from snail mucous secretion |
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| an ancient city on the coast of North Africa founded by the Phoenicians c. 814 bc, it became a major force in the Mediterranean Sea area |
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| a set of letters or symbols in a fixed order, used to represent the basic sounds made by man |
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