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| raw materials, markets, national pride (if Brits have it, French have to have it), balance of power, civilizing mission (belief that they (Europeans) are at the forefront of history; they have a duty to lift up less fortunate nations) |
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| British Contributions to India |
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| education; national police force; industrialization of India; structured government |
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| Won by Brits against the Dutch settlers in South Africa; gives the reform movement a real kick because many soldiers drafted for it were poor and malnourished; horrible living conditions of Britain’s lower class |
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| Bismarck; brought together the European leaders; issue at stake: Africa; who runs what in Africa without war; divides up Africa between the European nations |
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| Japan; brought back the emperor and ended the shogunate |
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| Between Russia and Japan; led to the emergence of Japan as a world power; Roosevelt organizes peace treaty between two nations (Treaty of Portsmouth) after Japan wins |
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| China and Britain; British want Chinese to keep buying their opium |
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| China; Chinese rebelling against foreigners; expelling foreign interests from outside influences; push for Chinese nationalism; if Brits have base in Hong Kong, government should get something for it |
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| Chinese doctor; took over China after the fall of the Manchu’s; founded Chinese Republic |
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| Spain and US; US gains an empire in the Philippines |
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| familiar with how long she was there; spans most of the 19th century |
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| leads Great Exposition of 1851; married to Victoria |
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| Brits get together and show how great they were |
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| the socialist elite who were socialist because they cared for the people; labour party |
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| Gladstone and Disraeli; the debate over how to handle the transformation of India |
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| Liberal; make them act like us, but then get out and let them have there own country; optimistic |
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| Conservative PM; says “we need to turn them into Britain’s” talking about Indians; paternalist |
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| – Britain (Socialist movement); combines two social movements; represent the socialist working class; run by the intellectuals that are socialists because they care about the people |
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| Governs France; domestically – public works and public reforms; monarch, rules by decree, but accepts limits; industrializes France; modernizer; loses to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War |
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| in France; embodies European anti-Semitism; blame the Jews for whatever goes wrong; Jewish captain is accused of passing on secrets to the Germans; no evidence proving his innocence; represents the Semitic mentality of the European nations |
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| Russian; ends feudalism in Russia; frees the serfs; reform minded |
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| found in Russia; educated people; reform minded (changing culture, government, etc.) |
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| Russian; not reform minded; power comes from the center; urged Russians to act more Russian |
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| Governed Russia during WWI; last czar of Russia; very modest man of modest abilities thrust into leadership at the wrong time |
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| Father party of Bolsheviks and Mensheviks |
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| Russian; follow Lenin; lead by Lenin and his cohorts; small group of people revolutionizing |
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| Russian; broad based revolution with everyone playing a part in revolution |
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| Socialist Revolutionaries |
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| – Lenin’s major opponents; more popular than Lenin’s party; represent the peasants interest; preach revolution to the peasants |
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| Russia; dress rehearsal for Russian Revolt; protest in front of czar’s palace and people are killed; czar loses legitimacy |
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| Creation of Germany; decline of the Ottoman Empire (stronger Eastern Europe nationalism); alliance system posing groups of nations against each other; immediately cause by the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
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| the alliance between Italy, Germany, and Austro-Hungary; created by Germany; |
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| France, Russia, and Britain |
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| German; assumes two front war with France and Russia; assumes Russia will slowly mobilize; take out France first by going thru Belgium then address Russia |
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| French field general; shows the futile carnage of trench warfare in the Battle of Verdun; leads the French in defense of France in WWI |
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| French offensive; More than 700,000 casualties in battle |
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| – leads German troops into Russia |
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| Battle of Gollipoli (1915) |
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| British battle fought by Australians against the Ottomans; Ottomans win; Ottomans live to fight another day |
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| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) |
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| ends hostilities between Russia and Germany in WWI; gets Russia out of the war and is able to focus on the revolutions within the country |
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| T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) |
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| Britain; worked with the Arab tribes rebelling against the Ottomans; went to stir up rebellion against the Turks so they wouldn’t be involved in WWI |
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| Britain; they will support Jewish settlements in Palestine |
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| brought the US into the war; telegram to Mexico form Germany saying if they went to war with the US, they would return all their lost land |
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| US president during WWI; Fourteen Points – pertaining to the safety in of the world in the future; part of the Big Four |
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| Concerns of the “Big Four” |
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| US, Britain, France, Italy; concerned about the end of WWI; make sure that Germany pays for the war; concerned about Soviets in Russia and the spread of communism; concerned about Japan’s rise in Asia; Easter European Nationalism |
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| League of Nations formed; Germany bears the entire blame for the war; redrawing of Eastern Europe, new ethnic nation-states; US and Soviet Union emerge as world powers; beginning of European loss in power, beginning of European dependency on other, more powerful nations |
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| Turkey; founds modern Turkey form the Ottoman Empire; makes them secular and westernizes them |
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| Germany blamed for war; many Eastern European founded new national countries influenced by nationalism; creation of the League of Nations; redrawing the European map |
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| Russia; Russian mine workers stuck in Siberia, don’t get food, money, etc.; peaceful protest breaks out; government soldiers kill some workers; re-radicalizes the labour party movement; galvanizes public opinion against czar and the old order |
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| Russia; heads provisional government after czar is overthrown |
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| – Russia; comes to power after the Revolutions; New Economic Policy |
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| begins at the end of WWI; Reds – Bolsheviks (primarily) hardcore socialist revolutionaries; Whites – Mensheviks, SRs, monarchists, anarchists (everyone who isn’t a Bolshevik or radical; Greens – everyone else (neutral); Reds win in the end |
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| associated with Communists; the communist international; fear by westerners that Russia is using it to undermine their own government |
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| Lenin and Russia; war communism nationalized everything and set Russia back in economy by about 50 years; this was his attempt to fix what he destroyed; farmers benefited, encouraged entrepreneurship |
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| Russia; rose to power after Lenin; brings Russia back to economic prominence; |
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| Russia; setting economic goals over the long term; wants people to rely soley on the state |
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| Germany; comes into existence between WWI and Hitler; governs Germany in this time; democratic, constitutional; gets blame for not fixing Germany’s economy |
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| Hitler; authoritarian, Hegelian, and melenarian (achieved ultimate end to human development); believe in own nation-state first |
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| Germany by Hitler; revoked all rights of Jews in Germany; led to emigration of Jews from Germany |
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| Reasons for Hitler’s Success |
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| promised food and economic recovery to the lower class and delivered; ran a totalitarian state predicated on fear (SS); left the wealthy alone as long as they served the party’s interests |
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| France; fascist helped to power by Hitler |
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| Francisco Franco; hardcore traditionalists devoted to the Catholic state; don’t have to prove to everyone that they are better |
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