Term
The World in 1500
Name 4 Products that originated in China |
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Definition
Paper, compass, silk, and porcelain |
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Term
The World in 1500
Name 3 products that originated in the Middle East and India |
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Definition
| Math, Astronomy, and Medicine |
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Term
The World in 1500
What empire set up foreign enclaves for trade? |
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Definition
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Term
The World in 1500
Where was Hinduism located in 1500? |
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Definition
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Term
The World in 1500
Where was Buddhism located in 1500? |
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Definition
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Term
The World in 1500
Where was Christianity located in 1500? |
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Definition
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Term
The World in 1500
Where was Judaism located in 1500? |
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Definition
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Term
The World in 1500
Where was Islam located in 1500? |
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Definition
| Mecca and North, West, and East Africa |
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Term
Renaissance
What does the term Renaissance mean? |
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Definition
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Term
Renaissance
Where did the Renaissance begin? Where did it spread? |
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Definition
| Italy; spread to Northern Europe |
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Term
Renaissance
What ancient civilizations inspired the Renaissance? |
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Definition
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Term
Renaissance
Who was Michelangelo? |
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Definition
| Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect and poet; most famous for his Pieta, David, and the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel |
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Term
Renaissance
Who was Leonardo da Vinci? |
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Definition
| Inventor, Scientist, and artist; Famous for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper |
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Term
Renaissance
Who was Erasmus? |
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Definition
Dutch priest and humanist; Produced a new Greek edition of the New Testament. He also wanted translation of the Bible into vernacular. He believed that an individual's chief duties were to be open minded and good toward others.
Wrote The Praise of Folly |
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Term
Renaissance
Who was Shakespeare? |
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Definition
| Playwrite; Known as the greatest dramatist in the world. Works include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. |
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Term
Renaissance
Who was Machiavelli? |
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Definition
| Wrote The Prince, which was published in 1513, an early treatise on government. It combined the experience of politics knowledge of the past. Machiavelli stressed that the end justifies the means. |
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Term
Reformation
What were the four conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome? |
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Definition
| Merchant wealth, usury, indulgences, simony |
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Term
Reformation
Who was Martin Luther and what did he do? |
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Definition
He wrote the 95 Theses on Government. He founded the Protestant Church, but not entirely on purpose. He posted his 95 Theses on the Catholic Church's door.
Views: Salvation by faitha lone, Bible is the ultimate authority, and all humans are equal before God. |
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Term
Reformation
What are Indulgences? |
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Definition
| Pardons from punishment for sin. Originally given as a reward for pious deeds. Indulgences were sold by Renaissance popes to raise money. Martin Luther disagreed with these. |
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Term
Reformation
What is simony? |
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Definition
| The sale of Church posessions. |
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Term
Reformation
Who was Henry VIII? |
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Definition
| The King of England. He wanted to divorce his wife (Catherine of Aragon), but the Pope refused. Henry became angry and withdrew England from the Catholic Church and began the Church of England (The Anglican Church) |
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Term
Reformation
What was the Anglican Church? |
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Definition
| The Church started by Henry VII due to the Pope not letting him divorce his wife. |
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Term
Reformation
What did John Calvin do and what did he believe in? |
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Definition
| He expanded the Protestand movement and established Geneva as a Protestant society. Believed in predestination, faith was revealed by living a righteous life, and worth ethic. |
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Term
Reformation
What is Predestination? |
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Definition
| The belief that nothing you do in life affects what happens in the afterlife; God decides before you are born. |
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Term
Reformation
What is Usury? |
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Definition
| The act of lending money with interest attached to it. The Chuch eventually ruled against usury and the practice of charging interest or credit. |
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Term
Reformation
Who were the Huguenots? |
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Definition
| The French followers of John Calvin who were considered, by Catholics, as a threat to National Unity. |
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Term
Reformation
What was the Edict of Nantes? |
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Definition
| The solution to the series of bloody civil wars between Calvanists and Catholics |
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Term
Reformation
What was the Inquisition? |
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Definition
| Spanish Inquisition; used torture and secret testimony to root out heretics, especially Protestants. It was meant to restore the Pope's authority over Church members. It had the Index of Forbidden Works, which was an index containing all of the books or literature that was not allowed by the Church. Martin Luther's work was in it. |
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Term
Reformation
What did Cardinal Richelieu do? |
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Definition
| He changed the focus of the 30 Year's War from religious to a political conflict. |
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Term
Reformation
What were Martin Luther's 3 main beliefs? |
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Definition
| Salvation by Faith Alone, Bible as the ultimate authority, and all humans were equal before God. |
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Term
Reformation
Why did Henry VIII leave the Catholic Church? |
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Definition
| He wanted to divorce his wife, but the Pope would not let him. |
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Term
Reformation
Who invented the printing press? What effect did his invention have on the Reformation? |
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Definition
| Johann Gutenberg; it enabled people to print things faster and get word out quicker. |
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Term
Exploration
What were the European goals for Exploration? |
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Definition
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Term
Exploration
What did Ferdinand Magellan do? |
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Definition
| He sailed for Spain. He set out for the Pacific Ocean but discovered the Strait of Magellan. He was murdered in the Mutinies. |
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Term
Exploration
What did Francisco Pizarro do? |
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Definition
| Sailed for Spain. He sailed to South America to what is now Peru. Destroyed Inca culture for their gold. |
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Term
Exploration
What did Christopher Columbus do? |
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Definition
| Sailed for Spain. He believed that the World was round, and sailed westward hoping to reach India. Instead he discovered Americas. |
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Term
Exploration
What did Vasco da Gama do? |
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Definition
| Sailed for Portugal; led four ships around the souther tip of Africa. Made it to the port of Calicut in western India. He was accredited with being the first to circumnavigate the world, even though his crew made it and he didn't. |
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Term
Exploration
What did Jacques Cartier do? |
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Definition
| Sailed for France; explored the St. Lawrence River and established Quebec. |
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Term
Exploration
What did Sir Francis Drake do? |
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Definition
| Sailed for England; first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe. |
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Term
Exploration
What was the Columbian Exchange? |
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Definition
| Exchange of plants, diseases and animals between the Old and New World. |
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Term
Exploration
What was the Triangular Trade? |
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Definition
Economic system – from Europe to Africa, then to the new world. They brought gunpowder. They grounded in Africa around Songhai and got slaves. Slaves sold to Brazil, the Caribbean, and the modern day United States. Rice, Cotton, |
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Term
Exploration
What is a joint-stock company? |
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Definition
| A company in which it has stock. The British and Dutch East India Company. |
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Term
Exploration
Define mercantilism. |
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Definition
| The idea the that the mother country wants to be economically self-sufficient. Colonies exist only for the economic benefit of the Mother Country |
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Term
Absolutism
Who was Louis XIV and what was his nickname? |
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Definition
| He was the King of France, nicknamed the Sun King. He spent all of France's money on the building of Versailles. |
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Term
Absolutism
Who was Peter the Great? |
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Definition
| He was the ruler of Russia. His main goal was to westernize Russia. |
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Term
Absolutism
Who was Frederick the Great? |
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Definition
| He was the Ruler of Prussia whose main goal was to build up the army in Prussia; he succeeded. |
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Term
Absolutism
What is Absolutism? |
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Definition
| The idea that all the power lives in one person |
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Term
Absolutism
What is divine right? |
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Definition
| The Belief that God chose a ruler to rule. |
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Term
English Civil War
What did Charles I do? |
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Definition
| He ruled after James I. He kicked John Locke out of the country. He also didn't call Parliament until 1640 when he needed money. When they denied him, he dissolved them |
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Term
English Civil War
What did Charles II do? |
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Definition
| He ruled after Cromwell. He attacked England from Scotland and Ireland. He didn't want to lose his head so he obeyed Parliament and accepted Petition of Right. |
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Term
English Civil War
What did Oliver Cromwell do? |
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Definition
| He led the Roundheads (Parliament's supporters). He ruled after Charles I. He becomes leader and declares himself Lord and Protector. He fought off challenges from Charles II and penalized Irish Catholics who tried to help restore him to the throne. He closed theatres and made Sunday a mandatory day of worship. |
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Term
English Civil War
What did James I do? |
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Definition
| He had to deal with numerous problems including the puritans who wanted to purify the Church of England from Catholic Influences. James had to keep the dissenters off his back so he had the Bible retranslated. |
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Term
English Civil War
What did James II do? |
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Definition
| He ruled after Charles II. He flaunted being Catholic which was tolerable at first because his only heirs to that point were daughters who were protestant. James then had a son and baptized him Catholic. |
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Term
English Civil War
WHat did William and Mary do? |
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Definition
| They ruled after James II. The period of time in which William and Mary ruled was called "The Glorious Revolution" They accepted the English Bill of Rights, which created a limited monarchy and the principle of habeas corpus (the right to trial by jury) |
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Term
English Civil War
What were the Cavaliers? |
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Definition
| The supporters of Charles |
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Term
English Civil War
Who were the supporters of Parliament? |
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Definition
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Term
English Civil War
What rights were included in the English Bill of Rights in 1689? Who had to sign it in order to create the throne? |
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Definition
| It created a limited monarchy and said Parliament had "the power of the purse." William and Mary had to sign it before taking the throne. |
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Term
English Civil War
What is a constitutional monarchy? |
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Definition
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Term
English Civil War
What is the legislative body in England called? |
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Definition
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Term
Enlightenment
Who was John Locke? |
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Definition
| British philosopher who wrote Two Treatises of Government. He believed that people have three natural rights (life, liberty, and property) |
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Term
Enlightenment
Who was Thomas Hobbes? |
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Definition
| A British Philosopher who wrote Leviathanl. He believed that the first people on earth lived in natural anarchy. He also believed that there was an unwritten social contract between the leader and the governed, and that all human beings were selfish. |
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Term
Enlightenment
Who was Montesquieu? |
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Definition
| French philosopher who wrote The Spirit of the Laws. He wanted a separation of powers within the government. He came up with the idea of check and balance. |
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Term
Enlightenment
Who was Voltaire? |
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Definition
| French philosopher who wrote Candide. He advocated free speech as an essential element of any government. He believed in separation of church and state. |
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Term
Enlightenment
Who was Rousseau? |
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Definition
| Swiss philosopher who wrote The Social Contract. He believed that the government is a social contract between rulers and people. He also believed in popular sovereignty. |
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Term
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment ideas influenced revolutions in..... |
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Definition
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Term
Age of Reason
Who was Johann Sebastian Bach? |
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Definition
| German composer who was known for his Requiem Mass. |
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Term
Age of Reason
Who was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart? |
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Definition
| Austrian composer who wrote his first symphony at four years old. He was known for his operas such as "Don Giovanni" and "The Marriage of Figaro" |
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Term
Age of Reason
Who was Eugene Delacroix? |
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Definition
| Artist who captured the spirit of the French Revolution in his most famous painting, Liberty Leading the People. |
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Term
Age of Reason
Who was Miguel de Cervantes? |
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Definition
| Author who published Don Quixote, which was published in 1605. |
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Term
Age of Reason
Who was Nicolaus Copernicus? |
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Definition
| Advocated the idea of a heliocentric universe. |
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Term
Age of Reason
Who was Johannes Kepler? |
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Definition
| He came up with laws of planetary motion; and proved Copernicus' work. |
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Term
Age of Reason
What did Galileo Galilei do? |
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Definition
| Furthered Kepler's work with the telescope. |
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Term
Age of Reason
What did Isaac Newton do? |
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Definition
| Came up with the theory of gravity. He wrote Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) |
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Term
Age of Reason
What did William Harvey do? |
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Definition
| Accurately described the human circulatory system. He observed the working of the heart. |
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Term
Age of Reason
What new form of literature was established during the Age of Reason? (Think Cervantes) |
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Definition
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Term
French Revolution
What was the Estates General and how was it made up? |
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Definition
| Three levels of society; made up of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Estate. |
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Term
French Revolution
Who was the king at the beginning of the French Revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
French Revolution
Who was the queen at the beginning of the French Revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
French Revolution
Put the following events in order:
-Tennis Court Oath
-Reign of Terror
-Storming of the Bastille
-Rise of Napoleon
-March on Versailles
-Meeting of the Estates General |
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Definition
-Meeting of the Esates General
-Tennis Court Oath
-Storming of the Bastille
-March on Versailles
-Reign of Terror
-Rise of Napoleon |
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Term
French Revolution
What happened at the Meeting of the Esates General? |
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Definition
| The Estates General met, and locked out the delegates for the 3rd Estate. |
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Term
French Revolution
What happened at the Tennis Court Oath? |
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Definition
| When the 3rd Estate delegates were locked out of the estates general; They took an oath on a tennis court to meet regularly no matter what until France had a real constitution. |
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Term
French Revolution
What happened at the Storming of the Bastille? |
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Definition
| Parisians stormed a political prison called the Bastille; this quickly became a symbol of the Revolution. |
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Term
French Revolution
What happened at the March on Versailles? |
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Definition
| Women marched from Paris to Versailles demanding that the king return to the capital and that they receive food and bread. |
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Term
French Revolution
What happened during the Reign of Terror? |
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Definition
| 17,000 people were executed because of the Revolution. It was led by Robespierre. |
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Term
French Revolution
What happened during the Rise of Napoleon? |
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Definition
| Took over most of Europe with the people's army. Napoleon was greeted with a hero's welcome. Aided by other leaders, he seized power from the directory and the bi-cameral legislature. |
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Term
French Revolution
Who was Robespierre? What was he in charge of and ultimately responsible for? |
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Definition
| He was a Politician and lawyer. He was in charge of the Committee of Public Safety and was ultimately responsible for the Reign of Terror. |
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Term
French Revolution
How were people executed in revolutionary France? |
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Definition
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Term
Congress of Vienna
What were the three main principles that guided discussions at the Congress of Vienna? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Congress of Vienna
What did Metternich do? |
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Definition
| From Austria. Presided over the Congress of Vienna and wanted to restore the "status quo" of 1792, which was the balance of power. His principle of restoring, rightful authority was called "legitimacy" |
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Term
Congress of Vienna
What did Castleragh want? |
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Definition
| To limit French power. He was from Britain. |
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Term
Congress of Vienna
What did Talleyrand do? |
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Definition
| He played Alexander I, Castleragh, and Metternich against each other in order to keep France as an equal partner in the proceedings. He was from France. |
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Term
Congress of Vienna
What did Alexander I of Russia want? |
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Definition
| A Christian alliance formed to put down any future revolutions. |
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Term
Congress of Vienna
What is Balance of Power? |
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Definition
| When the power is separated equally and no one branch can overrule another. |
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Term
Congress of Vienna
What is Liberalism? |
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Definition
| The belief that governments need to go back to how things used to be. |
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Term
Congress of Vienna
What is Conservatism? |
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Definition
| The belief that governments need to go back to how things used to be. |
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Term
Congress of Vienna
What is Legitimacy? |
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Definition
| The principle of restoring royal, rightful authority. This was the principle of Metternich. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
How did nationalism and democracy influence national revolutions? |
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Definition
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
What events led to the unification of italy? |
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Definition
| Napoleon's efforts to unite Europe (showed the effectiveness of collaboration), the American Revolution (inspired ideas of democracy [political rights]), and Nationalism (caused each country to strive for independence) |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
What role did Otto von Bismarck play in the unification of Germany? |
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Definition
| He led unification through the war and by appealing to nationalist feelings. Practiced the policy of realpolitik (the idea that a nation-state had the right to pursue its own advantages by any means, including war and the repudiation of treaties) to acheive his goals. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
Who was Giuseppi Mazzini? |
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Definition
| "The Soul" of Italian unification. He reminded people of the glory of the Roman Empire. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
Who was Cavour? |
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Definition
| Count Camillo di Cavour was "The Brain" of Italian unification. He was the prime minister of Sardinia; he united northern Italy, and trained soldiers, gained powerful allies without offending the Papal states. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
Who was Garibaldi? |
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Definition
| Giuseppi Garibaldi: "The Sword" of Italian unification. He was a soldier who wanted unification through revolutionary means. He established an army called the "Red Shirts" and unified the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in the south. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
Who was Victor Emmanuel? |
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Definition
| King of Sardinia (Sardinia-Piedmont). He wanted to see Italy united and was supported by Cavour. Will become the King of Italy |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
What were the Red Shirts? |
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Definition
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
What was Risorgimento? |
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Definition
| The movement towards liberation and unification of Italy. Literally means revival. It ended in freedom from French and Austrian influence. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
What was the Seven Weeks' War? |
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Definition
| Austria vs. Prussia. A war incited against Austria by Bismarck in 1866. The war was over who should govern Schleswig and Holstein. The results: Prussia gained Holstein, Italy gained Venetia, and Austria would not control a unified Germany. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
Who was Otto von Bismarck? |
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Definition
| The prime minister to the King in Prussia. He led unification through war and by appealing to nationalist feelings. Bismarck practiced the policy of realpolitik. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
What is realpolitik? |
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Definition
| The idea that a nation-state had the right to pursue its own advantages by any means, including war and the repudiation of treaties. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
Who was Wilhelm I? |
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Definition
| King William I of Prussia. He wanted to unify German through force. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
What was the Franco-Prussian War? |
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Definition
| The question rose of who the next Spanish king would be, and that lead to the Franco-Prussian War. Southern German States (Catholics) ally with Prussia in a show of German nationalism. This war leads to the creation of the unified German state. |
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
What year did Italy unify? |
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Definition
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Term
Unifications of Italy and Germany
What year did Germany unify? |
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Definition
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