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| the time of disorder that followed the collapse of the Han Dynasty in China. |
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| a canal linking northern and southern China. |
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| (625–705) Empress of China during the Tang dynasty, she ruled ruthlessly and brought prosperity to China. |
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| a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China. |
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| a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood, covered with ink, and pressed to a piece of paper to create a printed page. |
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| a mixture of powders used in guns and explosives. |
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| an instrument that uses the earth’s magnetic field to indicate direction. |
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| a body of unelected government officials. |
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| service as a government official. |
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| an educated member of China’s government who passed a series of written examinations. |
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| Genghis Khan (JENG-guhs kahn) |
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| (c. 1162–1227) Ruler of the Mongols, he led his people in attacks against China and against other parts of Asia. His name means "universal leader." |
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| Kublai Khan (KOO-bluh KAHN) |
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| (1215–1294) Mongol ruler, he completed the conquest of China and founded the Yuan dynasty. |
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| (c. 1371–c. 1433) Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China’s fame throughout Asia. |
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| a policy of avoiding contact with other countries. |
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| something that leads people to follow a certain course of action. |
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| effects of a particular event or events. |
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