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| (63 BC–AD 14) First Roman emperor, he was originally named Octavian. He was the great-nephew of Julius Caesar and gained control of Rome after defeating Marc Antony in battle. As emperor, Augustus built many monuments and a new forum |
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| a person who can participate in government |
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| a human-made channel that carries water from distant places |
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| (c. 245–c. 316) Roman emperor, he divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves |
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| (c. 280–337) Roman emperor, he was the first Roman emperor to become a Christian. Constantine moved the empire’s capital from Rome to Constantinople and removed bans on Christianity |
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| (c. 466–511) King of the Franks, he was a Christian leader who was one of the most powerful rulers of the Germanic barbarians |
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| (c. 406–453) Leader of the Huns, he led invasions of Constantinople, Greece, Gaul, and northern Italy and was greatly feared by the Romans |
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| the decay of people’s values |
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| (c. 483–565) Byzantine emperor, he reunited the Roman Empire, simplified Roman laws with Justinian’s Code, and ordered Hagia Sophia built |
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| (c. 500–548) Wife of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, she was a smart and powerful woman who helped him rule effectively |
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| the society that developed in the eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the western Roman Empire |
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| a picture made with pieces of colored stone or glass |
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| a new idea or way of doing something |
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| a plan for fighting a battle or war |
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| productive and not wasteful |
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