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| – transformed France into a strong, centralized state. |
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| ruled France for seventy-two years—the longest reign of any French or other major European monarch. Louis XIV increased the power and influence of France in Europe, fighting three major wars—the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession. |
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served as French Minister of Finance from 1665 to 1683 under the rule of King Louise the XIV
War of the Spanish Succession – a conflict, lasting from 1701 to 1713, in which a number of European states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France.
Thirty Years’ War – a European conflict over religion, over territory, and for power among ruling families, lasting from 1618 to 1648. |
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| Was the Queen of France and also the Wife of Louise XIV |
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| Frederick the Great skillfully employed the limited Prussian resources to make his kingdom the most powerful German state during the seven Years War (1756-63)." |
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| a conflict in Europe, North America, and India, lasting from 1756 to 1763, in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battled those of Austria, France, Russia, and many other countries. |
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| Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 |
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| landowning nobles of Russia. |
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| ruled Russia from 1622 to 1725 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, |
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| an adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western specially European or American countries. |
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| King of England, Ireland, and Scotland until his execution in 1672 |
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| a conflict lasting from 1642 to 1649, in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters if England’s monarchy. |
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| Was an English and political leader best known for making England a republic and leading the commonwealth of England |
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| the period of Charles II’s rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cormwell’s government. |
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