Conflict in South Africa

• Africa was under white settler control
• British took over Africa
• conservercy on slavery

Berlin Conference

• agreement that any European state could establish African colonies
• provided justification to carve up Africa into colonies

• Direct Rule: -removed strong leaders & replace them w/ weaker rulers
• Indirect Rule: -use existing tribal authorities to rule, colonial officals imposed own ideas

• warned against imperialism in the Western Hemisphere
• served as justification for US intervention in hemisphere affairs

• broke out as anticolonial tensions mounted in Cuba & puerto Rico
• US defeated Spain & took control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, & Phillippines

• US won right to build canal across Panama
• strengthened US military & economic claims

• started over status of Korea
• the Japanese quickly demolished Chinese fleet
• China ceded many east Asian Islands strengthening Japan's control

Russo Japanese War

• Japanese forces overran Russia before reinforcements could arrive
• Japan won international recognition of its colonial authority ovver Korea & the Liaodong peninsula

• value of raw cotton increased
• India became principal center of cotton manufacture

• slavery declined which led to more demand for workers
• between 1820 & 1914 2.5 million laborers left their homes to work in distance parts of the world

• Europeans saw as superior
• US & Japan were just as racist
• (which gave them reason to imperialize)

• his book is The Origin of Species
• argued species survived due to survival of the fittest
• theorists used his ideas to explain the development of human societies

• most important reform group
• had British approval, as a forum for educated Indians to communicate their views on public affairs to colonial officials