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Big Three” agree to open western front to relieve USSR
USSR promises to join US in war against Japan after defeat of Germany |
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| The Yalta Conference of 1945 was the second of three conferences held between the three Allied superpowers during the World War II era. During this particular confrence, which was to be the last one attended by President Roosevelt before his death, there was discussion about what to do with Germany and how to end the war in the pacific with the Japanese |
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| *1945 *Big 3 met again (Truman instead of Roosevelt) *US ignored the request by the USSR for a $6 billion loan *USSR was hostile toward "free elections" *USSR wanted a buffer zone of pro-soviet (communist) satellite countries |
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| was a continuing state of political and military tension between the powers of the Western world, led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and allies. |
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| s an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue |
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| After the US entered the war, the Big Three (Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt) all met and agreed to open a Western front to relieve the USSR *USSR agreed to join US in their war against Japan after Germany was defeated *Conference left Russia to control the Eastern front |
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| US dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan August 6, 1945 *135,000 casualties |
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| US dropped 2nd atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan *60,000 casualties |
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| was a policy set forth by the U.S. President Harry S. Truman in a speech[1] on March 12, 1947 stating that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere.[2] Historians often consider it as the start of the Cold War.[3] |
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| was the large-scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet communism.[ |
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| airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin |
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| NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
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| is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. |
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| was a mutual defense treaty between eight communist states of Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. |
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| United Fruit Company (UFCO) |
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| was an American corporation that traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas) grown on Third World plantations and sold in the United States and Europe. |
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| Guatemalan President and started the agrarian reform and the US put a stop to that and he resigned after only 3 years |
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| Guatemalan Agrarian Reform Law |
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Break up large landed estates
Foster individually-owned farms
Expropriate uncultivated lands
Expropriated 400,000 acres of uncultivated UFCO land |
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| is the politically motivated and forceful confiscation and redistribution of private property outside the common law. |
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was the CIA covert operation that deposed President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán, paramilitary invasion by an anti-Communist “army of liberation”.
Only 150 men, Create illusion of larger force by:
Falsified radio broadcasts
Bomb strategic points in Guatemala City |
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| Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas |
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was the commander of "Operation Success"
took control and did this
Reverse Arbenz reforms
Land returned to UFCO
Marxist + Labor parties outlawed
U.S. annual military aid to Guatemala increases:
$600,000 (pre-1954)
$45 million (post-1954) |
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| was the United States-aligned Cuban President, dictator and military leader who served as the leader of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown as a result of the Cuban Revolution. |
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| Leader of the Cuban Revolution and leader of Cuba |
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| was the revolutionary organization planned and led by Fidel Castro that in 1959 overthrew the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba. The Movement fought the Batista regime on both rural and urban fronts. |
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| was an armed revolt by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement against the regime of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista between 1953 and 1959. Batista was finally ousted on 1 January 1959, and was replaced by Castro's revolutionary government. This government later reformed along communist lines, becoming the present Communist Party of Cuba in October 1965. |
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| Cuban Agrarian Reform Law |
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| sought to break up large landholdings and redistribute land to those peasants who worked it, to cooperatives, and the state. Laws relating to land reform were implemented in a series of laws passed between 1959 and 1963 after the Cuban Revolution. Che Guevara was named head of the INRA as minister of industries and oversaw the land reform policies. |
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Was the US attempt to redo "operation success" in cuba
Failed attempt |
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was a thirteen day dispute between the US and Cuba/USSR
USSR had moved over warheads into Cuba to be able to use against the US and the US had warheads stationed in Turkey |
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initiated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961 aimed to establish economic cooperation between the U.S. and Latin America
It was created principally to counter the appeal of revolutionary politics, such as those adopted in Cuba (see Fidel Castro). It called for vast multilateral programs to relieve the continent's poverty and social inequities and ultimately included U.S. programs of military and police assistance to counter Communist subversion |
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| was a marxist revolutionary, he helped Castro and eventually became second command, he then tried to start another revolution in Bolivia where he was captured by the CIA and executed |
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was part of the revolutionary reforms implemented intended to help out the families of Cuba
Cuban law is dedicated to advancing equality among the Cuban population
Day care centers for working mothers
Men + women share household duties
Failure to share duties=grounds for divorce |
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| was an influential political dynasty who ruled Nicaragua as a hereditary dictatorship. Their influence exceeded their combined 43 years in the de facto presidency, as they were the power behind the other presidents of the time through their control of the National Guard. They ultimately fell to a revolution led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front. |
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| Sandinista Front of National Liberation (FSLN) |
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The FSLN overthrew Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979, ending the Somoza dynasty, and established a revolutionary government in its place.
They instituted a policy of mass literacy, devoted significant resources to health care, and promoted gender equality.[4] Oppositional militias, known as Contras, formed in 1981 to resist the Sandinista's Junta and received support from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. |
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| Nicaraguan New Family Laws |
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Day care centers for working mothers
Men + women share household duties
Prohibited use of women’s bodies in commercial advertising
Abortion legislation (eventually omitted) |
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| Contras (counter-revolutionaries) |
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is anyone who opposes a revolution
Nicaraguan Contras
12,000 (Nicaraguan) troops
Free license to destroy economy + terrorize population
Use of landmines, kidnapping, rape, murder
40,000 casualties (by 1990) |
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| was a political scandal in the United States that came to light in November 1986. During the Reagan administration, senior Reagan administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, the subject of an arms embargo.[1] Some U.S. officials also hoped that the arms sales would secure the release of hostages and allow U.S. intelligence agencies to fund the Nicaraguan Contras. Under the Boland Amendment, further funding of the Contras through the appropriated funds had been prohibited by Congress. |
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U.S. agrees to demobilize Contras and lift economic sanctions ONLY IF candidate Violeta Chamorro (of centrist UNO party) elected
Exhausted Nicaraguan people elect Chamorro as president
Contras demobilized + U.S. economic sanctions lifted
SUCCESFUL DESTABILIZATION OF SANDINISTA GOVERNMENT! |
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| Zapatista Army of National Liberation |
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is a revolutionary leftist group based in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico.
Since 1994, the group has been in a declared war "against the Mexican state," though this war has been primarily nonviolent and defensive against military, paramilitary, and corporate incursions into Chiapas |
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| North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) |
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is an agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
Remove obstacles to free market
Encourage foreign investment
Encourage privatization of industry + landholding |
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The property of all land and water within national territory is originally owned by the Nation, who has the right to transfer this ownership to particulars. Hence, private property is a privilege created by the Nation.
This was a problem because this went against what NAFTA was trying to accomplish so the mexican government retracted it to join in on NAFTA
the working class is hit the hardest by this repeal and so is the southernmost part of mexico |
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| is an area of communal land used for agriculture, on which community members individually possess and farm a specific parcel. Ejidos are registered with Mexico's National Agrarian Registry |
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| is the leader of the Zapatista army his true identity is unknown |
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| as part of the Zapatista uprisings they try to stay in the limelight of attention and so they are using the internet to gain support for their revolution |
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| Peace and Justice Paramilitary Forces |
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| private armies funded by angry Mexican ranchers |
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| Zapatista Women’s Revolutionary Law |
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as part of the zapatista law they came up with these
Women, regardless of their race, creed, color or political affiliation, have the right to participate in the revolutionary struggle in any way that their desire and capacity determine.
Women have the right to work and receive a fair salary
Women have the right to decide the number of children they have and care for.
Women have the right to participate in the matters of the community and have charge if they are free and democratically elected
Women and their children have the right to Primary Attention in their health and nutrition
Women have the right to an education
Women have the right to choose their partner and are not obliged to enter into marriage
Women have the right to be free of violence from both relatives and strangers. |
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