Term
| Why is the region of North Africa and Southwest Asia so arid? |
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Definition
| The Hadley Cell Effect - they are at a high pressure system which means less rain making it arid. |
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Term
What is the role that water resources play in the conflict between Israel and Palestine?
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Definition
| Israel is claiming water of which is truly ground water from Palestine |
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Term
| What is the basis for claims that the Middle East is the center of the Islamic world and why is such a characterization not entirely accurate? |
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Definition
| It isn’t accurate because only 25% of the worlds muslims live in the Middle East |
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Term
| What is Zionism, did Zionists seek to create a state or a homeland in Palestine, and what implication did this have on population movements? |
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Definition
- Zionism originally wanted a homeland in Palestine
- Zionist movement started in 1880
- Balfour Declaration- established that jews could move to Palestine and consider it there homeland
- Creating tension -> people lived there before they moved there |
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Term
What is OPEC, what are the goals of the organization, and is it able to achieve those goals (explain)?
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Definition
Oil producing countries- Saudi Arabia*, Kuwait
Goal: Price Stability
Able to achieve goal? Yes, as long as it can control the supply of oil |
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Term
| In what ways might oil have been a factor in the 2003 invasion of Iraq? |
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Definition
On the global market, oil is sold in US dollars
- In 2000, iraq started selling oil in Euros
- This pissed off the US
- Saddam nationalized oil, creating contracts with Russia, Chinese, and French countries
- In 2003, US invaded iraq
- Once Saddam was out, Iraq oil started selling in US dollars
After US invasion
- Oil sold in US dollars
- Oil contracts signed with Exxon, BP, Total, and Shell. |
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Term
| What problems does Africa's physical geography pose for agriculture? |
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Definition
Africa has Soil Fertility problems of which it is old soil with no nutrients. This may lead to desertification due to a lack of non-volcanic activity and no glacial deposits, which help give soils nutrients.
-need irrigation systems and fertilizers to make soil more farmable. |
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Term
| What factors best explain hunger and famine and how have additional human factors in countries like Ethiopia have augmented the problem? |
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Definition
Hunger and Famine
Poverty and lack of democracy, good land used for exports associated with crops. Poor can not buy imports – and they are given the worst land to farm on.
*Ethiopia- (Defense spending, displaced farmers, drought) |
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Term
Why is Africa disproportionately home to so many diseases and why does the region have more difficulty treating diseases than other regions?
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Definition
1. Tropical Location increases the influences of disease such as AIDS/HIV, Elphantitus and river blindness.
Difficulty treating disease is from...
2. Lack of financial resources
- Government debt
- Lack of health care
- Lack of medicine
*Big Pharma- Profitability and Lobbying, small amount of research and development |
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Term
Why has targeting traditional high risk HIV/AIDS populations (truck drivers, prostitutes) not been successful in Eastern and Southern Africa and what strategies have worked?
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Definition
A strategy that has worked was the Zero Grazing Policy staying in the current relationship to stop the spread of disease.
-ABC program. Abstinence, birthcontrol, condoms. |
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Term
Why was the colonization of Africa delayed until the 19th century and how was it carried out?
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Definition
lack of accessability.
The colonization of Africa was delayed because..
1. There were a few rivers that were navigable
2. Prevalence of disease (such as malaria)
3. Lack of easy wealth (solved by: Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade) |
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Term
| What were the basic problems with decolonization that have held Africa back? |
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Definition
- Africa left boundaries set up by European colonizers, this created tiny markets which limited their economy growth
- Africans did not know how to run a democratic nation after colonizers left. |
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Term
| Why was indirect rule common in colonial Africa and why did it create problems after decolonization (e.g., between the Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda)? |
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Definition
Indirect Rule. European countries wanted to mainly extract materials in Africa and then get out!
- Switched from food crops to export crops (Colonizers)
- Once colonizers left, this created problems between the Tutsi and Hutu tribes
Hutu and Tutsi in a nutshell
Tutsi Tribe- was in control of Africa but had a small amount of people
Hutu Tribe- was in control of Africa but was not in charge
- Election was run in Africa, Hutu won based on having the majority of the people
- Hutu kicked the Tutsi out
- Tutsi’s came back to reclaim land and a war began between the two tribes. |
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Term
| What is the “resource curse” and how does it apply to Nigeria? |
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Definition
The “resource curse” makes countries less stable because the extraction of materials can lead to conflict.
“Resource curse” was able to fund both the Rebel Groups and Government for a longer period of time
Both groups (Government and Rebel groups) used money to buy weapons.
*30% of the population lived on a dollar a day before oil extraction. This went up to 70% once the oil drilling and extractions began |
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Term
| How does the mining of conflict diamonds differ from previous methods of diamond mining in ways that make it easier for paramilitary groups to exploit and why does the Kimberly process not necessarily prevent the abuse of conflict diamonds? |
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Definition
Kimberley Process: the process of stamping diamonds.
- Rebel groups, had blood diamonds stamped in other non-conflict lands in order to be able to sell their diamonds on the markets
- Industries do not accept blood diamonds because that means they would be supporting possible genocide and forced work and labor |
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Term
| How does scale play in to development projects and what types of development projects could be most helpful for Africa? |
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Definition
Scale projects have been reduced.
More helpful: setting up smaller projects is more beneficial and accessible for people |
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